建造

Chinese

		to establish; to found; to set up to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct	to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture
trad. (建造)		建	造
simp. ^#(建造)		建	造

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiànzào

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄗㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin³ zou⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kien-chho / kian-chho

(Hailu, HRS): gien^ˇ co^˖
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiàn-chō / kiàn-chǒ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiànzào
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄗㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiànzào
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴-tsao⁴
  - Yale: jyàn-dzàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianntzaw
  - Palladius: цзяньцзао (czjanʹczao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin³ zou⁶
  - Yale: gin jouh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin³ dzou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin³ zou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn³³ t͡sou̯²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien-chho
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien co
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴ co⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kian-chho
  - Hakka Romanization System: gian co
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴ co⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯an⁵⁵ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien^ˇ co^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /kien¹¹ t͡sʰo³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-chō
  - Tâi-lô: kiàn-tsō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiernzoi
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɤ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡so³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡so²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-chǒ
  - Tâi-lô: kiàn-tsǒ
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡so²²/

Verb

建造

(transitive) to build; to construct

Synonyms

edit

修建 (xiūjiàn)
修築 / 修筑 (xiūzhù)
塑建 (sùjiàn)
建構 / 建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
建築 / 建筑 (jiànzhù) (literally or figuratively)
建設 / 建设 (jiànshè)
搭 (Hokkien)
搭建 (dājiàn)
搭蓋 / 搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
搭設 / 搭设 (dāshè)
架構 / 架构 (jiàgòu)
構作 / 构作 (gòuzuò)
構建 / 构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
構築 / 构筑 (gòuzhù)
構造 / 构造 (gòuzào)
營 / 营 (yíng) (literary, or in compounds)
營造 / 营造 (yíngzào)
版築 / 版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
築 / 筑 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
築造 / 筑造 (zhùzào)
興修 / 兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
興建 / 兴建 (xīngjiàn)
興築 / 兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)
起立 (qǐlì)

Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	蓋
	Taiwan	蓋
	Harbin	蓋
	Malaysia	起, 建
	Singapore	建
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	蓋
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	蓋
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	蓋
	Xi'an	蓋
	Xining	蓋
	Xuzhou	起
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	蓋
	Lanzhou	蓋
	Ürümqi	蓋, 起
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	修, 起
	Guiyang	起, 修
	Guilin	起
	Liuzhou	起
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	蓋, 造
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蓋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	起
	Hong Kong	起
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	起
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	起
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	起
	Taishan	起
	Dongguan	起
	Rongxian	起
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	起
	Hepu (Shatian)	做
	Guiping	起
	Guiping (Mule)	起, 整
	Pingnan	起
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	起
	Guigang (Pingdong)	起
	Beihai	起
	Beihai (Nankang)	起
	Beihai (Yingpan)	起
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	起, 做
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	起
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	做
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	起, 搭
	Penang (Guangfu)	起
	Singapore (Guangfu)	起
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	起
	Móng Cái	起
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	起
	Betong (Rongxian)	起
Gan	Nanchang	起
	Lichuan	做
	Pingxiang	起
Hakka	Meixian	起, 做
	Yudu	做
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	起
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	起
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	起
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	起
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	起
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	起
	Hong Kong	起
	Senai (Huiyang)	起
Huizhou	Jixi	起
Jin	Taiyuan	蓋
Jin	Xinzhou	蓋
Northern Min	Jian'ou	開
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	起
Eastern Min	Matsu	起
Southern Min	Xiamen	起
	Quanzhou	起
	Zhangzhou	起
	Tainan	起
	Singapore (Hokkien)	起
	Manila (Hokkien)	起
	Chaozhou	起
	Shantou	起
	Jieyang	起
	Bangkok (Teochew)	起
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	起
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	起
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	起
	Singapore (Teochew)	起
	Leizhou	作
	Haikou	作
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	起
Wu	Shanghai	造
	Shanghai (Chongming)	造, 起
	Suzhou	造
	Danyang	砌
	Hangzhou	造
	Ningbo	起
	Jinhua	起
Xiang	Changsha	起
Xiang	Loudi	起

Japanese

Kanji in this term
建	造
けん Grade: 4	ぞう Grade: 5
kan'on	on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けんぞー [kèńzóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [kẽ̞nd͡zo̞ː]

Noun

建(けん)造(ぞう) • (kenzō) ^{←けんざう (kenzau)^?}

construction

Derived terms

建(けん)造(ぞう)物(ぶつ) (kenzōbutsu)

Verb

建(けん)造(ぞう)する • (kenzō suru) ^{←けんざう (kenzau)^?}transitive suru (stem 建(けん)造(ぞう)し (kenzō shi), past 建(けん)造(ぞう)した (kenzō shita))

build, construct
潜(せん)水(すい)艦(かん)を建(けん)造(ぞう)する
sensuikan o kenzō suru
construct a submarine

Conjugation

Conjugation of "建造する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	建造し	けんぞうし	kenzō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	建造し	けんぞうし	kenzō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	建造する	けんぞうする	kenzō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	建造する	けんぞうする	kenzō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	建造すれ	けんぞうすれ	kenzō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	建造せよ¹ 建造しろ²	けんぞうせよ¹ けんぞうしろ²	kenzō seyo¹ kenzō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	建造される	けんぞうされる	kenzō sareru
Causative	建造させる建造さす	けんぞうさせるけんぞうさす	kenzō saseru kenzō sasu
Potential	建造できる	けんぞうできる	kenzō dekiru
Volitional	建造しよう	けんぞうしよう	kenzō shiyō
Negative	建造しない	けんぞうしない	kenzō shinai
Negative continuative	建造せず	けんぞうせず	kenzō sezu
Formal	建造します	けんぞうします	kenzō shimasu
Perfective	建造した	けんぞうした	kenzō shita
Conjunctive	建造して	けんぞうして	kenzō shite
Hypothetical conditional	建造すれば	けんぞうすれば	kenzō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“建造”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
建	造

Noun

建造 • (geonjo) (hangeul 건조)

hanja form^? of 건조 (“construction”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
建	造

Noun

建造

chữ Hán form of kiến tạo

Verb

建造

chữ Hán form of kiến tạo

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]