帰る

See also: 歸る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
帰
かえ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
歸る (kyūjitai)
還る

Etymology

From Old Japanese かへる (kape1ru), from Proto-Japonic *kaperu.[1]

Cognate with 返(かえ)る (kaeru, “to return”), by extension of returning to one's home.[2][3]

Compare 帰(かえ)す (kaesu, “to send someone home”, transitive).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 帰る
Plain 帰る かえる [káꜜèrù]
Conjunctive 帰って かえって [káꜜèttè]
Perfective 帰った かえった [káꜜèttà]
Negative 帰らない かえらない [kàéráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 帰らなかった かえらなかった [kàéráꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 帰れば かえれば [káꜜèrèbà]
Past conditional 帰ったら かえったら [káꜜèttàrà]
Imperative 帰れ かえれ [káꜜèrè]
Volitional 帰ろう かえろー [kàéróꜜò]
Desiderative 帰りたい かえりたい [kàérítáꜜì]
Formal 帰ります かえります [kàérímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 帰りません かえりません [kàérímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 帰りましょう かえりましょー [kàérímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 帰りました かえりました [kàérímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 帰り
帰りに 		かえり
かえりに 		[káꜜèrì]
[káꜜèrì nì]
Negative continuative 帰らず
帰らずに 		かえらず
かえらずに 		[kàéráꜜzù]
[kàéráꜜzù nì]
Passive 帰られる かえられる [kàéráréꜜrù]
Causative 帰らせる
帰らす 		かえらせる
かえらす 		[kàéráséꜜrù]
[kàéráꜜsù]
Potential 帰れる かえれる [kàéréꜜrù]

Verb

帰(かえ)る • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?intransitive godan (stem 帰(かえ)り (kaeri), past 帰(かえ)った (kaetta))

Japanese verb pair
active 帰(かえ)す
mediopassive 帰(かえ)る
  1. to go home, to return
  2. to leave, to walk away
  3. (baseball) to get to home plate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "帰る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 帰ら かえら kaera
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 帰り かえり kaeri
Shūshikei ("terminal") 帰る かえる kaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 帰る かえる kaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 帰れ かえれ kaere
Meireikei ("imperative") 帰れ かえれ kaere
Key constructions
Passive 帰られる かえられる kaerareru
Causative 帰らせる
帰らす 		かえらせる
かえらす 		kaeraseru
kaerasu
Potential 帰れる かえれる kaereru
Volitional 帰ろう かえろう kaerō
Negative 帰らない かえらない kaeranai
Negative continuative 帰らず かえらず kaerazu
Formal 帰ります かえります kaerimasu
Perfective 帰った かえった kaetta
Conjunctive 帰って かえって kaette
Hypothetical conditional 帰れば かえれば kaereba
Classical conjugation of "帰る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 帰ら かへら kafera
Continuative (連用形) 帰り かへり kaferi
Terminal (終止形) 帰る かへる kaferu
Attributive (連体形) 帰る かへる kaferu
Realis (已然形) 帰れ かへれ kafere
Imperative (命令形) 帰れ かへれ kafere
Key constructions
Negative 帰らず かへらず kaferazu
Contrasting conjunction 帰れど かへれど kaferedo
Causal conjunction 帰れば かへれば kafereba
Conditional conjunction 帰らば かへらば kaferaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 帰りき かへりき kaferiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 帰りけり かへりけり kaferikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 帰りつ かへりつ kaferitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 帰りぬ かへりぬ kaferinu
Perfect-continuative tense 帰れり
帰りたり		 かへれり
かへりたり		 kafereri
kaferitari
Volitional 帰らむ かへらむ kaferamu

Derived terms

  • 帰(かえ)り (kaeri)
  • 帰(かえ)りなんいざ (kaerinan iza)
  • 帰(かえ)るさ (kaeru sa)
  • 帰(かえ)るさま (kaeru sama)
  • 帰(かえ)る朝(あした) (kaeru ashita)
  • 帰(かえ)る雁(かり) (kaeru kari)
  • 神(かみ)帰(かえり)月(づき), 神(かみ)帰(かえ)り月(づき) (kamikaeri-zuki)
  • 立(たち)帰(かえ)る, 立(た)ち帰(かえ)る (tachikaeru)
  • 燕(つばめ)帰(かえ)る (tsubame kaeru)
  • 鳥(とり)帰(かえ)る (tori kaeru)
  • 逃(にげ)帰(かえ)る, 逃(に)げ帰(かえ)る (nigekaeru)
  • 持(もち)帰(かえ)る, 持(も)ち帰(かえ)る (mochikaeru)
  • 行(ゆ)き帰(かえ)る (yukikaeru), 行(ゆ)き帰(がえ)る (yukigaeru)
  • 行(ゆ)くも帰(かえ)るもの関(せき) (Yuku-mo Kaeru-mo no Seki)
  • 蘇(よみがえ)る, 甦(よみがえ)る (yomigaeru, “to reincarnate”)

Idioms

  • 帰(かえ)らぬ旅(たび) (kaeranu tabi, “never-returning journey” → “dying”)
  • 帰(かえ)らぬ人(ひと) (kaeranu hito, “person that never returns” → “a dead person”)
  • 帰(かえ)らぬ路(みち) (kaeranu michi, “never-returning road” → “dying”)
  • 帰(かえ)らぬ昔(むかし) (kaeranu mukashi, “never-returning past” → “unrepeatable past”)

Proverbs

  • 宝(たから)の山(やま)に入(い)りながら手(て)を空(むな)しくして帰(かえ)る (takara no yama ni irinagara te o munashikushite kaeru, “returning to a mountain of treasure in vain” → “missed opportunity”)
  • 錦(きん)衣(い)を着(き)て故(こ)郷(きょう)に帰(かえ)る (kin'i o kite kokyō ni kaeru, “wearing a brocade and going home” → “promoted and going home”)
  • 行(ゆ)きは良(よ)い良(よ)い帰(かえ)りは恐(こわ)い (yuki wa yoiyoi kaeri wa kowai, “going is easy but returning is hard or scary” → “no guarantees returning”)
  • 行(ゆ)き大(だい)名(みょう)の帰(かえ)り乞(こ)食(じき) (yuki daimyō no kaeri kojiki, “go as a daimyo, return as a beggar” → “fruitless waste”)
  • 落(らっ)花(か)枝(えだ)に帰(かえ)らず (rakka eda ni kaerazu, “a branch of fallen flowers never return” → “a parted husband and wife do not return”)
  • 落(らっ)花(か)枝(えだ)に帰(かえ)らず破(は)鏡(きょう)再(ふたた)び照(て)らさず (rakka eda ni kaerazu hakyō futatabi terasazu, “a branch of fallen flowers never return, a broken mirror does not shine again” → “a parted husband and wife do not return”)

See also

References

  1. ^ Pellard, Thomas (2013), “Ryukyuan prespectives on the Proto-Japonic vowel system”, in Japanese/Korean Linguistics, page 92 of 81-96
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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