崩れる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
崩
くず Grade: S
kun'yomi

Etymology

⟨kuduru⟩ → /kuduru/ → /kud͡zuru/ → /kud͡zureru/

From Old Japanese 崩る (kuduru), in the 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下(しも)一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

First attested in the 播(はり)磨(ま)風(ふ)土(ど)記(き) (Harima Fudoki, “Harima Fudoki”) (715 CE).^[1]

Ultimately from 屑(くず) (kuzu, “rubbish, refuse, scrap, junk, waste”),^[1] and analyzable as etymologically meaning "to become rubbish". For the causative form 崩(くず)す (kuzusu), compare lay waste, ruin.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くずれる [kùzúréꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[5]^[6]^[7]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟zɨɾe̞ɾɯ̟]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 崩れる

Plain	崩れる	くずれる	`[kùzúréꜜrù]`
Conjunctive	崩れて	くずれて	`[kùzúꜜrètè]`
Perfective	崩れた	くずれた	`[kùzúꜜrètà]`
Negative	崩れない	くずれない	`[kùzúréꜜnàì]`
Negative perfective	崩れなかった	くずれなかった	`[kùzúréꜜnàkàttà]`
Hypothetical conditional	崩れれば	くずれれば	`[kùzúréꜜrèbà]`
Past conditional	崩れたら	くずれたら	`[kùzúꜜrètàrà]`
Imperative	崩れろ崩れよ	くずれろくずれよ	`[kùzúréꜜrò]` `[kùzúréꜜyò]`
Volitional	崩れよう	くずれよー	`[kùzúréyóꜜò]`
Desiderative	崩れたい	くずれたい	`[kùzúrétáꜜì]`
Formal	崩れます	くずれます	`[kùzúrémáꜜsù]`
Formal negative	崩れません	くずれません	`[kùzúrémáséꜜǹ]`
Formal volitional	崩れましょう	くずれましょー	`[kùzúrémáshóꜜò]`
Formal perfective	崩れました	くずれました	`[kùzúrémáꜜshìtà]`
Continuative	崩れ崩れに	くずれくずれに	`[kùzúꜜrè]` `[kùzúꜜrè nì]`
Negative continuative	崩れず崩れずに	くずれずくずれずに	`[kùzúréꜜzù]` `[kùzúréꜜzù nì]`
Passive	崩れられる	くずれられる	`[kùzúréráréꜜrù]`
Causative	崩れさせる崩れさす	くずれさせるくずれさす	`[kùzúrésáséꜜrù]` `[kùzúrésáꜜsù]`
Potential	崩れられる崩れれる	くずれられるくずれれる	`[kùzúréráréꜜrù]` `[kùzúréréꜜrù]`

Verb

崩(くず)れる • (kuzureru) intransitive ichidan (stem 崩(くず)れ (kuzure), past 崩(くず)れた (kuzureta))

Japanese verb pair
active	崩す
mediopassive	崩れる

to collapse, to fall, to be destroyed, to become ruined, to crumble [from 715 CE]

Conjugation

Conjugation of "崩れる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	崩れ	くずれ	kuzure
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	崩れ	くずれ	kuzure
Shūshikei ("terminal")	崩れる	くずれる	kuzureru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	崩れる	くずれる	kuzureru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	崩れれ	くずれれ	kuzurere
Meireikei ("imperative")	崩れよ¹ 崩れろ²	くずれよ¹ くずれろ²	kuzureyo¹ kuzurero²
Key constructions
Passive	崩れられる	くずれられる	kuzurerareru
Causative	崩れさせる崩れさす	くずれさせるくずれさす	kuzuresaseru kuzuresasu
Potential	崩れられる崩れれる³	くずれられるくずれれる³	kuzurerareru kuzurereru³
Volitional	崩れよう	くずれよう	kuzureyō
Negative	崩れない崩れぬ崩れん	くずれないくずれぬくずれん	kuzurenai kuzurenu kuzuren
Negative continuative	崩れず	くずれず	kuzurezu
Formal	崩れます	くずれます	kuzuremasu
Perfective	崩れた	くずれた	kuzureta
Conjunctive	崩れて	くずれて	kuzurete
Hypothetical conditional	崩れれば	くずれれば	kuzurereba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “崩”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ “崩れる”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
^ Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“崩れる”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[KDJ2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 “崩”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DDJS-2] “崩れる”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[K-3] Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[M-4] Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN

[DJR-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-6] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-7] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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