對馬

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (對馬)		對	馬
simp. (对马)		对	马

Etymology

First attested in the Records of the Three Kingdoms as 對馬／对马 (Duìmǎ), and in the Book of Sui as 都斯麻 (MC *to sie mae).

始渡一海，千餘里至對馬國。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]

始渡一海，千余里至对马国。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3^rd century CE

Shǐ dù yī hǎi, qiān yú lǐ zhì Duìmǎguó. [Pinyin]

[They] first cross a sea, [and after] over a thousand li, reach Tsushima Country.

南望聃羅國，經都斯麻國，迥在大海中。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]

南望聃罗国，经都斯麻国，迥在大海中。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

From: The Book of Sui, 636 CE

Nán wàng Dānluóguó, jīng Dōusīmáguó, jiǒng zài dàhǎi zhōng. [Pinyin]

Looking south toward the state of Tamna, passing through Tsushima Country, far out in the vast ocean.

Pulleyblank (1962: part II, p218) proposes that the character 對／对 once ended in -s during the Old Chinese period, and that this is responsible for the usage of 對／对 in the placename.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Duìmǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): deoi³ maa⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Duìmǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Duèimǎ
  - Wade–Giles: Tui⁴-ma³
  - Yale: Dwèi-mǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dueymaa
  - Palladius: Дуйма (Dujma)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: deoi³ maa⁵
  - Yale: deui máh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: doey³ maa⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: dêu³ ma⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵy̯³³ maː¹³/

Proper noun

對馬

(～島) Tsushima Island (an island of Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)
(～市) Tsushima (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)
an orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 対馬, Tsushima

Synonyms

鳳馬 / 凤马 (Fèngmǎ) (historical)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
對	馬
つし Hyōgai	ま Grade: 2
irregular

For pronunciation and definitions of 對馬 – see the following entry.

【対馬つしま】

[proper noun] Tsushima (an island of Japan)

[proper noun] a surname

(This term, 對馬, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)