國語

國語

1. national language; language specific to or of official usage in a nation
   1. (chiefly Taiwan, overseas communities in the West and Philippine Hokkien, colloquial or historical in Hong Kong, dated in Mainland China, obsolete in Malaysia and Singapore) Standard Mandarin Chinese; Standard Chinese

      你會說國語嗎？／你会说国语吗？  ―  Nǐ huì shuō guóyǔ ma?  ―  Do you speak Mandarin?

   2. (usually in contrast with 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà, “Mandarin as spoken in Mainland China”)) Taiwanese Mandarin; Mandarin as spoken in Taiwan
   3. (Malaysia) Malay, the national language of Malaysia
   4. (obsolete in Taiwan) the Japanese language
   5. (historical) under conquest dynasties founded by non-Han groups, the language of the conquering ethnic group: Khitan under the Liao, Mongol under the Yuan, Manchu under the Qing, etc.
      • 1842, 魏源, 聖武記, volume 1, page 12:

        族類同，則語言同，水土同，衣冠居處同，城郭土著射獵習俗同。故命文臣依國語製國書，不用蒙古、漢字。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
        族类同，则语言同，水土同，衣冠居处同，城郭土著射猎习俗同。故命文臣依国语制国书，不用蒙古、汉字。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

        Zúlèi tóng, zé yǔyán tóng, shuǐtǔ tóng, yīguàn jūchù tóng, chéngguō tǔzhù shèliè xísú tóng. Gù mìng wénchén yī guóyǔ zhì guóshū, bù yòng Ménggǔ, hànzì. [Pinyin]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   6. (Korean Classical Chinese) the Korean language
   7. (Vietnamese Classical Chinese) the Vietnamese language; chữ Nôm

• In mainland China, Standard Mandarin is usually called 中文 (Zhōngwén) or 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà), while 國語／国语 (guóyǔ) may also be used colloquially, especially in regions where non-Mandarin varieties are spoken. 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ) is also commonly used in formal situations and by ethnic minorities to contrast it with their own ethnic language.
• In Taiwan, it is most commonly referred to as 中文 (Zhōngwén) or 國語／国语 (guóyǔ) when speaking Mandarin; while 華語／华语 (Huáyǔ) is often used when distinguishing Mandarin from the other national languages, such as Taiwanese and Hakka; when speaking Taiwanese and Hakka; and in foreign-facing contexts.
• In Hong Kong and Macau, it has usually been called 國語／国语, but 普通話／普通话 is becoming more common with further immigration from and integration with mainland China.
• In Singapore, Malaysia and much of South East Asia, it is most commonly referred to as 華語／华语 (Huáyǔ).

• 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ)
• 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà)
• 中國話／中国话 (Zhōngguóhuà)
• 中文 (Zhōngwén)
• 華語／华语 (Huáyǔ)

國語

1. Discourses of the States (a text from the Spring and Autumn period)

國語 • (gugeo) (hangeul 국어)

1. hanja form^? of 국어 (“national language; Korean”)

國語

1. chữ Hán form of quốc ngữ (“national language, the modern Vietnamese writing system based on the Roman alphabet”)

• 字儒/𡨸儒 (chữ Nho)
• 字喃/𡨸喃 (chữ Nôm)