習俗

See also: 习俗

Chinese

		to practise; to study; habit	vulgar
trad. (習俗)		習	俗
simp. (习俗)		习	俗

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xísú

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˊ ㄙㄨˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zaap⁶ zuk⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): dip⁵ duuk⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): si̍p-siu̍k
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): si̍p-sio̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): sib⁸ sog⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zhiq-zoq₈

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xísú
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ ㄙㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sísú
  - Wade–Giles: hsi²-su²
  - Yale: syí-sú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyiswu
  - Palladius: сису (sisu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi³⁵ su³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaap⁶ zuk⁶
  - Yale: jaahp juhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaap⁹ dzuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zab⁶ zug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːp̚² t͡sʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: dip⁵ duuk⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tip̚³² tɵk̚³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si̍p-siu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: xib xiug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xib⁶ xiug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sip̚⁵ si̯uk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p-sio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: si̍p-sio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sibsiok
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sip̚⁴⁻³² siɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɔk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sip̚²⁴⁻² siɔk̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sib⁸ sog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si̍p so̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sip̚⁴⁻² sok̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸zhiq-zoq₈
  - MiniDict: zhih^入 zoh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵xxiq-zoq₅
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑiɪʔ¹¹ zoʔ²³/

Middle Chinese: zip zjowk

Rime
Character	習	俗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	似入切	似足切
Baxter	zip	zjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ziɪp̚/	/zɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/zip̚/	/ziok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/zjep̚/	/ziok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zip̚/	/zuawk̚/
Li Rong	/ziəp̚/	/ziok̚/
Wang Li	/zĭĕp̚/	/zĭwok̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi̯əp̚/	/zi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xí	sú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zap⁶	zuk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ɢʷəp s-[ɢ]ok/

(Zhengzhang): /*ljub ljoɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	習	俗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xí	sú
Middle Chinese	‹ zip ›	‹ zjowk ›
Old Chinese	/s-ɢʷəp/ (with root ɢʷəp ‘wing’?)	/*s-[ɢ]ok/
English	repeat; practice	ways, customs; vulgar
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	習	俗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13387	4302
Phonetic component	習	谷
Rime group	緝	屋
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	習	續
Old Chinese	/*ljub/	/*ljoɡ/

Noun

習俗

custom; mores; convention; cultural practice
這個習俗被一代一代地傳下去。 [MSC, trad.]
这个习俗被一代一代地传下去。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè ge xísú bèi yīdài yīdài de chuán xiàqù. [Pinyin]
This custom was passed down from one generation to another.

元宵節賞花燈是約定俗成的習俗。 [MSC, trad.]
元宵节赏花灯是约定俗成的习俗。 [MSC, simp.]
Yuánxiāojié shǎng huādēng shì yuēdìngsúchéng de xísú. [Pinyin]
It is customary to put up lanterns during the Lantern Festival.
- 慶賞刑罰，通類而後應；政教習俗，相順而後行。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  庆赏刑罚，通类而后应；政教习俗，相顺而后行。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Qìngshǎng xíngfá, tōng lèi ér hòu yìng; zhèngjiào xísú, xiàng shùn ér hòu xíng. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 常民溺於習俗，學者沉於所聞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  常民溺于习俗，学者沉于所闻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE
  Chángmín nì yú xísú, xuézhě chén yú suǒ wén. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

edit

時俗 / 时俗 (shísú) (literary)
風俗 / 风俗 (fēngsú)
風尚 / 风尚 (fēngshàng)
風氣 / 风气 (fēngqì)
風習 / 风习 (fēngxí)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (習俗):

→ Japanese: 習俗(しゅうぞく) (shūzoku)
→ Korean: 습속(習俗) (seupsok)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
習	俗
しゅう Grade: 3	ぞく Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しゅうぞく [shúꜜùzòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ɕɨːzo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

習(しゅう)俗(ぞく) • (shūzoku) ^{←しふぞく (sifuzoku)^?}

custom; mores; convention; cultural practice

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR4-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK8-3] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]