包含

Chinese

		to cover; to wrap; to hold to cover; to wrap; to hold; to include; to take charge of; package; wrapper; container; bag; to hold or embrace; bundle; packet; to contract (to or for)	to keep; to contain
trad. (包含)		包	含
simp. ^#(包含)		包	含

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bāohán

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠㄏㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): baau¹ ham⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pâu-hàm

(Hailu, HRS): bau^ˋ ham
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pau-hâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): bao¹ ham⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bāohán
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠㄏㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: baohán
  - Wade–Giles: pao¹-han²
  - Yale: bāu-hán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bauharn
  - Palladius: баохань (baoxanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xän³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    包含
    包涵
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: baau¹ ham⁴
  - Yale: bāau hàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baau¹ ham⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: bao¹ hem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːu̯⁵⁵ hɐm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pâu-hàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: bau^ˊ ham^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bau¹ ham²
  - Sinological IPA: /pau̯²⁴ ham¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: bau^ˋ ham
  - Sinological IPA: /pau⁵³ ham⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pau-hâm
  - Tâi-lô: pau-hâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pau'haam
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² ham²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pau³³ ham²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau⁴⁴⁻²² ham¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ ham²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pau⁴⁴⁻³³ ham²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bao¹ ham⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pau hâm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³³⁻²³ ham⁵⁵/

Verb

包含

to contain; to include; to embody

Synonyms

儲藏 / 储藏 (chǔcáng)
包 (literary, or in compounds)
包孕 (bāoyùn)
包容 (bāoróng)
包括 (bāokuò)
包羅 / 包罗 (bāoluó)
包舉 / 包举 (bāojǔ) (literary)
包蘊 / 包蕴 (bāoyùn)
含
含有 (hányǒu)
含蓄 (hánxù)
囊括 (nángkuò)
容納 / 容纳 (róngnà)
涵括 (hánkuò)
涵蓋 / 涵盖 (hángài)
蘊含 / 蕴含 (yùnhán)
蘊涵 / 蕴涵 (yùnhán)
蘊藏 / 蕴藏 (yùncáng)
貯藏 / 贮藏 (zhùcáng)
連 / 连

See also

(not to be confused with) 包涵 (bāohán)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
包	含
ほう Grade: 4	がん Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほーがん [hòógáń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ho̞ːɡã̠ɴ]

Noun

包(ほう)含(がん) • (hōgan) ^{←はうがん (faugan)^?}

inclusion; subsumption; containment

Verb

包(ほう)含(がん)する • (hōgan suru) ^{←はうがん (faugan)^?}suru (stem 包(ほう)含(がん)し (hōgan shi), past 包(ほう)含(がん)した (hōgan shita))

to include; to subsume; to contain
B(ビー)に完全(かんぜん)に包含(ほうがん)されている
bī ni kanzen ni hōgan sareteiru
entirely subsumed within B

Conjugation

Conjugation of "包含する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	包含し	ほうがんし	hōgan shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	包含し	ほうがんし	hōgan shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	包含する	ほうがんする	hōgan suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	包含する	ほうがんする	hōgan suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	包含すれ	ほうがんすれ	hōgan sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	包含せよ¹ 包含しろ²	ほうがんせよ¹ ほうがんしろ²	hōgan seyo¹ hōgan shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	包含される	ほうがんされる	hōgan sareru
Causative	包含させる包含さす	ほうがんさせるほうがんさす	hōgan saseru hōgan sasu
Potential	包含できる	ほうがんできる	hōgan dekiru
Volitional	包含しよう	ほうがんしよう	hōgan shiyō
Negative	包含しない	ほうがんしない	hōgan shinai
Negative continuative	包含せず	ほうがんせず	hōgan sezu
Formal	包含します	ほうがんします	hōgan shimasu
Perfective	包含した	ほうがんした	hōgan shita
Conjunctive	包含して	ほうがんして	hōgan shite
Hypothetical conditional	包含すれば	ほうがんすれば	hōgan sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“包含”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
包	含

Noun

包含 • (poham) (hangeul 포함)

hanja form^? of 포함 (“inclusion”)