修養

See also: 修养

Chinese

		to decorate; to embellish; to repair to decorate; to embellish; to repair; to build; to study; to write; to cultivate	give birth; keep (pets); to support give birth; keep (pets); to support; to bring someone up; to raise (pig, etc.)
trad. (修養)		修	養
simp. (修养)		修	养

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiūyǎng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡㄧㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sau¹ joeng⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): siû-yông

(Hailu, HRS): siu^ˋ rhong^ˋ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siu-ióng / siu-iáng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiūyǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡㄧㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siouyǎng
  - Wade–Giles: hsiu¹-yang³
  - Yale: syōu-yǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiouyeang
  - Palladius: сюян (sjujan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    休養 / 休养
    修養 / 修养
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sau¹ joeng⁵
  - Yale: sāu yéuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sau¹ joeng⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: seo¹ yêng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ¹³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    修養 / 修养
    收養 / 收养
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siû-yông
  - Hakka Romanization System: xiu^ˊ iong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xiu¹ yong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /si̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siû-yông
  - Hakka Romanization System: xiu^ˊ (r)iong^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xiu¹ yong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /si̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: siu^ˋ rhong^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /siu⁵³ ʒoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siu-ióng
  - Tâi-lô: siu-ióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siu'iorng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siu⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siu⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siu³³ iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siu-iáng
  - Tâi-lô: siu-iáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siu'iarng
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ⁵³/

Noun

修養

accomplishment; mastery; training
藝術修養／艺术修养 ― yìshù xiūyǎng ― artistic training
- (Can we date this quote?), “沒結果 [No Result]”, 潘雲峰 [Sebastian Poon] (lyrics), performed by 吳若希 [Jinny Ng]:
  
  若細想，原來情感既是天意也是修養。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  若细想，原来情感既是天意也是修养。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  joek⁶ sai³ soeng², jyun⁴ loi⁴ cing⁴ gam² gei³ si⁶ tin¹ ji³ jaa⁵ si⁶ sau¹ joeng⁵. [Jyutping]
  If one thinks deeply, [one would discover that] feelings are both a destiny and an accomplishment.
self-cultivation; self-improvement
(a person's) quality; sense of morals; integrity

Synonyms

(accomplishment):

edit

作為 / 作为 (zuòwéi)
功成 (gōngchéng) (literary)
功業 / 功业 (gōngyè)
名堂 (míngtáng)
名跡 / 名迹 (míngjì) (literary)
成就 (chéngjiù)
成績 / 成绩 (chéngjì)
造詣 / 造诣 (zàoyì)

Verb

修養

to cultivate one's moral character; to practice self-cultivation

Synonyms

修身 (xiūshēn)

Related terms

涵養／涵养 (hányǎng)
教養／教养 (jiàoyǎng)
教育 (jiàoyù)
培養／培养 (péiyǎng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (修養):

→ Japanese: 修養(しゅうよう) (shūyō)
→ Korean: 수양(修養) (suyang)
→ Vietnamese: tu dưỡng (修養)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
修	養
しゅう Grade: 5	よう Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しゅうよー [shùúyóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ɕɨːjo̞ː]

Noun

修(しゅう)養(よう) • (shūyō)

(mental) self-improvement, cultivation

Verb

修(しゅう)養(よう)する • (shūyō suru) suru (stem 修(しゅう)養(よう)し (shūyō shi), past 修(しゅう)養(よう)した (shūyō shita))

to improve, cultivate oneself (mentally)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "修養する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	修養し	しゅうようし	shūyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	修養し	しゅうようし	shūyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	修養する	しゅうようする	shūyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	修養する	しゅうようする	shūyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	修養すれ	しゅうようすれ	shūyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	修養せよ¹ 修養しろ²	しゅうようせよ¹ しゅうようしろ²	shūyō seyo¹ shūyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	修養される	しゅうようされる	shūyō sareru
Causative	修養させる修養さす	しゅうようさせるしゅうようさす	shūyō saseru shūyō sasu
Potential	修養できる	しゅうようできる	shūyō dekiru
Volitional	修養しよう	しゅうようしよう	shūyō shiyō
Negative	修養しない	しゅうようしない	shūyō shinai
Negative continuative	修養せず	しゅうようせず	shūyō sezu
Formal	修養します	しゅうようします	shūyō shimasu
Perfective	修養した	しゅうようした	shūyō shita
Conjunctive	修養して	しゅうようして	shūyō shite
Hypothetical conditional	修養すれば	しゅうようすれば	shūyō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (2016), NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK16-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (2016), NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK8-3] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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