ὕδωρ

See also: ύδωρ

Ancient Greek

From Proto-Hellenic *údōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (genitive *wednós (“of water”)), with ω (ō) from the plural), from the root *wed- (whence also ῡ̔́ω (hū́ō, “to water, to let rain, to rain”)).

Typically ῠ̔́δωρ (hŭ́dōr), but ῡ̔́δωρ (hū́dōr) sometimes occurs in poetry for the sake of meter.^[1]^[2]

ῡ̆̔́δωρ • (hū̆́dōr) n (genitive ῡ̆̔́δᾰτος); third declension

Third declension of τὸ ῠ̔́δωρ; τοῦ ῠ̔́δᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ῠ̔́δωρ tò hŭ́dōr	τὼ ῠ̔́δᾰτε tṑ hŭ́dăte	τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ tằ hŭ́dătă
Genitive	τοῦ ῠ̔́δᾰτος toû hŭ́dătos	τοῖν ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιν toîn hŭdắtoin	τῶν ῠ̔δᾰ́των tôn hŭdắtōn
Dative	τῷ ῠ̔́δᾰτῐ tōî hŭ́dătĭ	τοῖν ῠ̔δᾰ́τοιν toîn hŭdắtoin	τοῖς ῠ̔́δᾰσῐ / ῠ̔́δᾰσῐν toîs hŭ́dăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ῠ̔́δωρ tò hŭ́dōr	τὼ ῠ̔́δᾰτε tṑ hŭ́dăte	τᾰ̀ ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ tằ hŭ́dătă
Vocative	ῠ̔́δωρ hŭ́dōr	ῠ̔́δᾰτε hŭ́dăte	ῠ̔́δᾰτᾰ hŭ́dătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ῡ̆̔́δωρ / ὗδωρ; ῡ̆̔́δᾰτος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ῡ̆̔́δωρ / ὗδωρ hū̆́dōr / hûdōr	ῡ̆̔́δᾰτε hū̆́dăte	ῡ̆̔́δᾰτᾰ hū̆́dătă
Genitive	ῡ̆̔́δᾰτος hū̆́dătos	ῡ̆̔δᾰ́τοιῐ̈ν hū̆dắtoiĭ̈n	ῡ̆̔δᾰ́των hū̆dắtōn
Dative	ῡ̆̔́δᾰτῐ / ῡ̆̔́δει hū̆́dătĭ / hū̆́dei	ῡ̆̔δᾰ́τοιῐ̈ν hū̆dắtoiĭ̈n	ῡ̆̔́δᾰσῐ / ῡ̆̔́δᾰσῐν / ῡ̆̔δᾰ́τεσῐ / ῡ̆̔δᾰ́τεσῐν / ῡ̆̔δᾰ́τεσσῐ / ῡ̆̔δᾰ́τεσσῐν hū̆́dăsĭ(n) / hū̆dắtesĭ(n) / hū̆dắtessĭ(n)
Accusative	ῡ̆̔́δωρ / ὗδωρ hū̆́dōr / hûdōr	ῡ̆̔́δᾰτε hū̆́dăte	ῡ̆̔́δᾰτᾰ hū̆́dătă
Vocative	ῡ̆̔́δωρ / ὗδωρ hū̆́dōr / hûdōr	ῡ̆̔́δᾰτε hū̆́dăte	ῡ̆̔́δᾰτᾰ hū̆́dătă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

^
c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.110:
οἱ μὲν ἄρ’ οἶνον ἔμισγον ἐνὶ κρητῆρσι καὶ ῡ̔́δωρ,
hoi mèn ár’ oînon émisgon enì krētêrsi kaì hū́dōr,
some were mixing wine and water in mixing bowls,
^
c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.216:
ὣς ἔφατ’, Ἀσφαλίων δ’ ἄρ ῠ̔́δωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευεν,
hṑs éphat’, Asphalíōn d’ ár hŭ́dōr epì kheîras ékheuen,
So [Menelaus] said, and Asphalion poured water on their hands,