ὕω

See also: Appendix:Variations of "yo"

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From a *suh₂-, which, according to the linguist Jay Jasonoff, is a metathesized form from the zero-grade of the root which is to be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ew- (“to pour, scatter, rain”).^[1] Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (suhhai, “to pour out”), Tocharian B suwaṃ (“to rain”), and Albanian shi (“rain”).^[2] Possibly related to Ὑάς (Huás).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hy̌ː.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)y.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈy.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈy.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.o/

Verb

ῡ̔́ω • (hū́ō)

to rain
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 368
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1118
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Herodas, Collected Works 7.46
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.13
- c. 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 488
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.25
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.457
- 161 CE – 180 CE, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 5.7
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 26
1. (with accusative of place) to rain on
  - 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 2.1115
  - 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.151
  - 110 CE – 180 CE, Pausanias Periegeta, Graeciae Descriptio 2.29.7
2. (with cognate accusative)
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1280
  - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, A True Story 2.14
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.50
3. (with dative of mode)
  - c. 200 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 8.333a
(passive voice) to be drenched with rain
- 375 BCE – 275 BCE, Alexis 62.8
- 519 BCE – 422 BCE, Cratinus, Collected Works 52
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.193
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.13
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.10
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.131
- 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Historia Plantarum 8.11.4
(passive voice) to fall as rain
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.912a
- 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 14.2.10

Conjugation

Present: ῡ̔́ω, ῡ̔́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῡ̔́ω	ῡ̔́εις	ῡ̔́ει	ῡ̔́ετον	ῡ̔́ετον	ῡ̔́ομεν	ῡ̔́ετε	ῡ̔́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ῡ̔́ω	ῡ̔́ῃς	ῡ̔́ῃ	ῡ̔́ητον	ῡ̔́ητον	ῡ̔́ωμεν	ῡ̔́ητε	ῡ̔́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῡ̔́οιμῐ	ῡ̔́οις	ῡ̔́οι	ῡ̔́οιτον	ῡ̔οίτην	ῡ̔́οιμεν	ῡ̔́οιτε	ῡ̔́οιεν
	imperative		ὗε	ῡ̔έτω	ῡ̔́ετον	ῡ̔έτων		ῡ̔́ετε	ῡ̔όντων
middle/passive	indicative	ῡ̔́ομαι	ῡ̔́ῃ, ῡ̔́ει	ῡ̔́εται	ῡ̔́εσθον	ῡ̔́εσθον	ῡ̔όμεθᾰ	ῡ̔́εσθε	ῡ̔́ονται
	subjunctive	ῡ̔́ωμαι	ῡ̔́ῃ	ῡ̔́ηται	ῡ̔́ησθον	ῡ̔́ησθον	ῡ̔ώμεθᾰ	ῡ̔́ησθε	ῡ̔́ωνται
	optative	ῡ̔οίμην	ῡ̔́οιο	ῡ̔́οιτο	ῡ̔́οισθον	ῡ̔οίσθην	ῡ̔οίμεθᾰ	ῡ̔́οισθε	ῡ̔́οιντο
	imperative		ῡ̔́ου	ῡ̔έσθω	ῡ̔́εσθον	ῡ̔έσθων		ῡ̔́εσθε	ῡ̔έσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ῡ̔́ειν				ῡ̔́εσθαι
participle	m	ῡ̔́ων				ῡ̔όμενος
	f	ῡ̔́ουσᾰ				ῡ̔ομένη
	n	ὗον				ῡ̔όμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ὗον, ῡ̔όμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὗον	ὗες	ὗε(ν)	ῡ̔́ετον	ῡ̔έτην	ῡ̔́ομεν	ῡ̔́ετε	ὗον
middle/passive	indicative	ῡ̔όμην	ῡ̔́ου	ῡ̔́ετο	ῡ̔́εσθον	ῡ̔έσθην	ῡ̔όμεθᾰ	ῡ̔́εσθε	ῡ̔́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῡ̔́σω, ῡ̔́σομαι, ῡ̔σθήσομαι (middle in passive sense)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῡ̔́σω	ῡ̔́σεις	ῡ̔́σει	ῡ̔́σετον	ῡ̔́σετον	ῡ̔́σομεν	ῡ̔́σετε	ῡ̔́σουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ῡ̔́σοιμῐ	ῡ̔́σοις	ῡ̔́σοι	ῡ̔́σοιτον	ῡ̔σοίτην	ῡ̔́σοιμεν	ῡ̔́σοιτε	ῡ̔́σοιεν
middle	indicative	ῡ̔́σομαι	ῡ̔́σῃ, ῡ̔́σει	ῡ̔́σεται	ῡ̔́σεσθον	ῡ̔́σεσθον	ῡ̔σόμεθᾰ	ῡ̔́σεσθε	ῡ̔́σονται
middle	optative	ῡ̔σοίμην	ῡ̔́σοιο	ῡ̔́σοιτο	ῡ̔́σοισθον	ῡ̔σοίσθην	ῡ̔σοίμεθᾰ	ῡ̔́σοισθε	ῡ̔́σοιντο
passive	indicative	ῡ̔σθήσομαι	ῡ̔σθήσῃ, ῡ̔σθήσει	ῡ̔σθήσεται	ῡ̔σθήσεσθον	ῡ̔σθήσεσθον	ῡ̔σθησόμεθᾰ	ῡ̔σθήσεσθε	ῡ̔σθήσονται
passive	optative	ῡ̔σθησοίμην	ῡ̔σθήσοιο	ῡ̔σθήσοιτο	ῡ̔σθήσοισθον	ῡ̔σθησοίσθην	ῡ̔σθησοίμεθᾰ	ῡ̔σθήσοισθε	ῡ̔σθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ῡ̔́σειν			ῡ̔́σεσθαι		ῡ̔σθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ῡ̔́σων			ῡ̔σόμενος		ῡ̔σθησόμενος
	f	ῡ̔́σουσᾰ			ῡ̔σομένη		ῡ̔σθησομένη
	n	ὗσον			ῡ̔σόμενον		ῡ̔σθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ὗσᾰ, ῡ̔σᾰ́μην, ῡ̔́σθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὗσᾰ	ὗσᾰς	ὗσε(ν)	ῡ̔́σᾰτον	ῡ̔σᾰ́την	ῡ̔́σᾰμεν	ῡ̔́σᾰτε	ὗσᾰν
	subjunctive	ῡ̔́σω	ῡ̔́σῃς	ῡ̔́σῃ	ῡ̔́σητον	ῡ̔́σητον	ῡ̔́σωμεν	ῡ̔́σητε	ῡ̔́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῡ̔́σαιμῐ	ῡ̔́σειᾰς, ῡ̔́σαις	ῡ̔́σειε(ν), ῡ̔́σαι	ῡ̔́σαιτον	ῡ̔σαίτην	ῡ̔́σαιμεν	ῡ̔́σαιτε	ῡ̔́σειᾰν, ῡ̔́σαιεν
	imperative		ὗσον	ῡ̔σᾰ́τω	ῡ̔́σᾰτον	ῡ̔σᾰ́των		ῡ̔́σᾰτε	ῡ̔σᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ῡ̔σᾰ́μην	ῡ̔́σω	ῡ̔́σᾰτο	ῡ̔́σᾰσθον	ῡ̔σᾰ́σθην	ῡ̔σᾰ́μεθᾰ	ῡ̔́σᾰσθε	ῡ̔́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῡ̔́σωμαι	ῡ̔́σῃ	ῡ̔́σηται	ῡ̔́σησθον	ῡ̔́σησθον	ῡ̔σώμεθᾰ	ῡ̔́σησθε	ῡ̔́σωνται
	optative	ῡ̔σαίμην	ῡ̔́σαιο	ῡ̔́σαιτο	ῡ̔́σαισθον	ῡ̔σαίσθην	ῡ̔σαίμεθᾰ	ῡ̔́σαισθε	ῡ̔́σαιντο
	imperative		ὗσαι	ῡ̔σᾰ́σθω	ῡ̔́σᾰσθον	ῡ̔σᾰ́σθων		ῡ̔́σᾰσθε	ῡ̔σᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ῡ̔́σθην	ῡ̔́σθης	ῡ̔́σθη	ῡ̔́σθητον	ῡ̔σθήτην	ῡ̔́σθημεν	ῡ̔́σθητε	ῡ̔́σθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ῡ̔σθῶ	ῡ̔σθῇς	ῡ̔σθῇ	ῡ̔σθῆτον	ῡ̔σθῆτον	ῡ̔σθῶμεν	ῡ̔σθῆτε	ῡ̔σθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῡ̔σθείην	ῡ̔σθείης	ῡ̔σθείη	ῡ̔σθεῖτον, ῡ̔σθείητον	ῡ̔σθείτην, ῡ̔σθειήτην	ῡ̔σθεῖμεν, ῡ̔σθείημεν	ῡ̔σθεῖτε, ῡ̔σθείητε	ῡ̔σθεῖεν, ῡ̔σθείησᾰν
	imperative		ῡ̔́σθητῐ	ῡ̔σθήτω	ῡ̔́σθητον	ῡ̔σθήτων		ῡ̔́σθητε	ῡ̔σθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὗσαι			ῡ̔́σᾰσθαι		ῡ̔σθῆναι
participle	m	ῡ̔́σᾱς			ῡ̔σᾰ́μενος		ῡ̔σθείς
	f	ῡ̔́σᾱσᾰ			ῡ̔σᾰμένη		ῡ̔σθεῖσᾰ
	n	ὗσᾰν			ῡ̔σᾰ́μενον		ῡ̔σθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ὗσμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/passive	indicative	ὗσμαι	ὗσαι	ὗσται	ὗσθον	ὗσθον	ῡ̔́σμεθᾰ	ὗσθε	ῡ̔́σᾰται
	subjunctive	ῡ̔σμένος ὦ	ῡ̔σμένος ᾖς	ῡ̔σμένος ᾖ	ῡ̔σμένω ἦτον	ῡ̔σμένω ἦτον	ῡ̔σμένοι ὦμεν	ῡ̔σμένοι ἦτε	ῡ̔σμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῡ̔σμένος εἴην	ῡ̔σμένος εἴης	ῡ̔σμένος εἴη	ῡ̔σμένω εἴητον, εἶτον	ῡ̔σμένω εἰήτην, εἴτην	ῡ̔σμένοι εἴημεν, εἶμεν	ῡ̔σμένοι εἴητε, εἶτε	ῡ̔σμένοι εἴησᾰν, εἶεν
	imperative		ὗσο	ῡ̔́σθω	ὗσθον	ῡ̔́σθων		ὗσθε	ῡ̔́σθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ὗσθαι
participle	m					ῡ̔σμένος
	f					ῡ̔σμένη
	n					ῡ̔σμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἐφύω (ephúō)
κᾰθύομαι (kăthúomai)
περιύομαι (periúomai)
ὑετηρία (huetēría)
ὑετία (huetía)
ὑετίζω (huetízō)
ὑέτῐος (huétĭos)
ὑετός (huetós)
ὑετώδης (huetṓdēs)
Ὕης (Húēs)
ὗσῐς (hûsĭs)
ὕσμᾰ (húsmă)

References

^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “šuḫḫa-ⁱ / šuḫḫ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 773-774
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὕω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1541