ἡμεῖς
Ancient Greek
| case | singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| str. | encl. | str. | str. | |
| nominative | ἐγώ | νώ, νῶϊ | ἡμεῖς | |
| genitive | ἐμοῦ | μου | νῷν | ἡμῶν |
| dative | ἐμοί | μοι | νῷν | ἡμῖν |
| accusative | ἐμέ | με | νώ, νῶϊ | ἡμᾶς |
| adjective | ἐμός | νωΐτερος | ἡμέτερος | |
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European oblique *n̥sm- (from *éǵh₂),[1] with regular Attic-Ionic η- (ē-) < ᾱ- (ā-) and initial ῾ (h) from ῡ̔μεῖς (hūmeîs).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hɛː.mêːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /(h)e̝ˈmis/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /iˈmis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /iˈmis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /iˈmis/
Pronoun
ἡμεῖς • (hēmeîs) (Attic, Epic, Ionic)
Usage notes
When unemphatic, sometimes accented ἥμων, ἧμιν, etc. in poetry. Singular and dual are ἐγώ (egṓ) and νώ (nṓ).
Inflection
| Case / # | Plural | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡμεῖς / ᾰ̓́μμες hēmeîs / ắmmes | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | ἡμείων / ἡμέων hēmeíōn / hēméōn | ||||||||||||
| Dative | ἡμῖν / ᾰ̓́μμῐ / ᾰ̓́μμῐν hēmîn / ắmmĭ(n) | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | ἡμέᾰς / ᾰ̓́μμε hēméăs / ắmme | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | — | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Plural | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ᾱ̔μές hāmés | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | ᾱ̔μέων / ᾱ̔μῐ́ων / ᾱ̔μῶν hāméōn / hāmĭ́ōn / hāmôn | ||||||||||||
| Dative | ᾱ̔μῐ́ν / ἇμῐν hāmĭ́n / hâmĭn | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | ᾱ̔μέ hāmé | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | — | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Plural | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ᾱ̔μές hāmés | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | ᾱ̔μῐ́ων hāmĭ́ōn | ||||||||||||
| Dative | ᾱ̔μῐ́ν hāmĭ́n | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | ᾱ̔μέ hāmé | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | — | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Plural | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ᾰ̓μμές ămmés | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | ᾰ̓μμέουν ămméoun | ||||||||||||
| Dative | ᾰ̓μμῐ́ν ămmĭ́n | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | ᾰ̓μμέ ămmé | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | — | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
See also
| first | second | third | |
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | ἐγώ (egṓ) | σῠ́ (sŭ́) | αὐτός (autós), οὗ (hoû), ὅς (hós), ὁ (ho), ὅ (hó), οὗτος (hoûtos), ὅδε (hóde), ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos) |
| dual | νώ (nṓ) | σφώ (sphṓ) | αὐτώ (autṓ), σφωέ (sphōé), ὥ (hṓ), τώ (tṓ), τούτω (toútō), τώδε (tṓde), ἐκείνω (ekeínō) |
| plural | ἡμεῖς (hēmeîs) | ῡ̔μεῖς (hūmeîs) | αὐτοί (autoí), σφεῖς (spheîs), οἵ (hoí), οἱ (hoi), οὗτοι (hoûtoi), οἵδε (hoíde), ἐκεῖνοι (ekeînoi) |
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἡμεῖς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 519
Further reading
- “ἐγώ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἡμεῖς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἡμεῖς in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἡμεῖς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G2249 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 325, 325 D
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ἡμεῖς, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011