σύ
Ancient Greek
| case | singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| str. | encl. | str. | str. | |
| nominative | σύ | σφώ, σφῶϊ | ῡ̔μεῖς | |
| genitive | σοῦ | σου | σφῷν | ῡ̔μῶν |
| dative | σοί | σοι | σφῷν | ῡ̔μῖν |
| accusative | σέ | σε | σφώ, σφῶϊ | ῡ̔μᾶς |
| adjective | σός | σφωΐτερος | ῡ̔μέτερος | |
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *tú, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognates include Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), Latin tū, Persian تو (to) and Old English þū (English thou). The initial /s/ was spread to the nominative from oblique forms such as accusative σέ (sé) < *twé, where /s/ is the regular development of Proto-Indo-European *tw-.[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /sý/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈsy/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈsy/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈsy/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsi/
Pronoun
σῠ́ • (sŭ́)
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | σῠ́ / τῡ́νη sŭ́ / tū́nē | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | σεῖο / σέο / σεο† / σεῦ / σευ† / σέθεν seîo / séo / seo† / seû / seu† / séthen | ||||||||||||
| Dative | σοί / τοι† / τεῐ̈́ν soí / toi† / teĭ̈́n | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | σέ / σε† sé / se† | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | — | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Irregular declension of τῠ́ / τῡ́νη; τέος / τεοῦς / τῐοῦς / τεῦς / τέο / τεῦ / τεοῦ / τεοῖο / τοι† / τεος† / τῐ́ω / τῐ́ως / τῐ́ος / τώς (Doric)
| Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τῠ́ / τῡ́νη tŭ́ / tū́nē | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | τέος / τεοῦς / τῐοῦς / τεῦς / τέο / τεῦ / τεοῦ / τεοῖο / τοι† / τεος† / τῐ́ω / τῐ́ως / τῐ́ος / τώς téos / teoûs / tĭoûs / teûs / téo / teû / teoû / teoîo / toi† / teos† / tĭ́ō / tĭ́ōs / tĭ́os / tṓs | ||||||||||||
| Dative | τῐ́ν / τῑ́νη tĭ́n / tī́nē | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | τέ / τῐ́ν / τῠ́ / τῠ† té / tĭ́n / tŭ́ / tŭ† | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | — | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- τοι (toi)
Related terms
- σός (sós, second person singular possessive adjective)
Descendants
- Byzantine Greek: ἐσύ (esú)
- Tsakonian: εκιού (ekioú)
See also
- ἐγώ (egṓ)
| first | second | third | |
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | ἐγώ (egṓ) | σῠ́ (sŭ́) | αὐτός (autós), οὗ (hoû), ὅς (hós), ὁ (ho), ὅ (hó), οὗτος (hoûtos), ὅδε (hóde), ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos) |
| dual | νώ (nṓ) | σφώ (sphṓ) | αὐτώ (autṓ), σφωέ (sphōé), ὥ (hṓ), τώ (tṓ), τούτω (toútō), τώδε (tṓde), ἐκείνω (ekeínō) |
| plural | ἡμεῖς (hēmeîs) | ῡ̔μεῖς (hūmeîs) | αὐτοί (autoí), σφεῖς (spheîs), οἵ (hoí), οἱ (hoi), οὗτοι (hoûtoi), οἵδε (hoíde), ἐκεῖνοι (ekeînoi) |
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “σύ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1419
Further reading
- “σύ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σύ in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- σύ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4771 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- you idem, page 997.
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 325
- William W. Goodwin, A Greek Grammar. Revised and enlarged, Boston, 1900, p.82f.
- σύ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011