ἄλειαρ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ᾰ̓́λεᾰρ n (ắleăr) — Epic

Etymology

Related to ᾰ̓λέω (ăléō, “to grind”), with the alternative form ᾰ̓́λεᾰρ (ắleăr) from earlier ᾰ̓́λεϝᾰρ (ắlewăr), showing the connection to Proto-Indo-European *h₂leh₁wr̥, whence also Old Armenian ալիւր (aliwr, “flour”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.leː.ar/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.ar/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.ar/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.ar/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.ar/

Noun

ᾰ̓́λειᾰρ • (ắleiăr) n (genitive ᾰ̓λείᾰτος); third declension (chiefly in the plural)

wheat-groats; coarse wheaten flour; wheatmeal
Synonym: ᾰ̓́λευρον (ắleuron)
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.107:
  τῇσιν δώδεκα πᾶσαι ἐπερρώοντο γυναῖκες
  ἄλφιτα τεύχουσαι καὶ ἀλείατα, μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν.
  tēîsin dṓdeka pâsai eperrhṓonto gunaîkes
  álphita teúkhousai kaì aleíata, muelòn andrôn.
  twelve maidens, day by day, toiled grinding
  barleymeal and wheatmeal, the marrow of man

Usage notes

Particularly differentiated from ᾰ̓́λφῐτον (ắlphĭton, “barley flour”).

Declension

Third declension of τὸ ᾰ̓́λειᾰρ; τοῦ ᾰ̓λείᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ᾰ̓́λειᾰρ tò ắleiăr	τὼ ᾰ̓λείᾰτε tṑ ăleíăte	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓λείᾰτᾰ tằ ăleíătă
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓λείᾰτος toû ăleíătos	τοῖν ᾰ̓λειᾰ́τοιν toîn ăleiắtoin	τῶν ᾰ̓λειᾰ́των tôn ăleiắtōn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓λείᾰτῐ tōî ăleíătĭ	τοῖν ᾰ̓λειᾰ́τοιν toîn ăleiắtoin	τοῖς ᾰ̓λείᾰσῐ / ᾰ̓λείᾰσῐν toîs ăleíăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ᾰ̓́λειᾰρ tò ắleiăr	τὼ ᾰ̓λείᾰτε tṑ ăleíăte	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓λείᾰτᾰ tằ ăleíătă
Vocative	ᾰ̓́λειᾰρ ắleiăr	ᾰ̓λείᾰτε ăleíăte	ᾰ̓λείᾰτᾰ ăleíătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.