ṯꜣw

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tw"

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈcuʀwuw/ → /ˈtuʀwuw/ → /ˈtuːwə/ → /teːw/

Noun

 m
  1. a wind
    • c. 1950 BCE, outer coffin of Amenemhat (Cairo 28092, B10Cc), Coffin Texts Spell 62, I269e–I269i:[1]













      jwt n.k qbḥw m ḫꜣw wꜣḥ.n ḥr wꜣt.k qmꜣ n.k ꜥmꜥꜣt.k r.s ḫꜣ pw ḫr ḥr [ḫ]rw ṯꜣw.s
      Waterfowl will come to you in thousands and settle on your path. When you throw your throwstick at them, there’ll be a thousand fallen at the sound of its wind.
  2. a breath (an exhalation of air)
Inflection
Declension of ṯꜣw (masculine)
singular ṯꜣw
dual ṯꜣwwj
plural ṯꜣww
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯꜣw  
ṯꜣw ṯꜣw
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲟⲩ (tēou)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲏⲟⲩ (thēou)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲟⲩ (tēou)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲏⲩ (tēu)
  • Old Coptic: ⲧⲏⲟⲩ (tēou)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲩ (tēu), ⲧⲏⲟⲩ (tēou)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈciʀwit/ → /ˈt͡ʃiʀwiʔ/ → /ˈt͡ʃiːwa/ → /ˈt͡ʃiːwə/

Verb

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to steal [since the Middle Kingdom]
  2. (transitive) to rob (a person) of [since the Middle Kingdom]
  3. (transitive) to burgle away (from a house) [since the Middle Kingdom]
Inflection
Conjugation of ṯꜣw (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ṯꜣ(w), geminated stem: ṯꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ṯꜣ(w)t, ṯꜣ(w)j
 ṯꜣ(w)w, ṯꜣ(w)
 ṯꜣ(w)t, ṯꜣ(w)wt, ṯꜣ(w)yt
 ṯꜣ(w)
 ṯꜣ(w), ṯꜣ(w)y
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ṯꜣ(w)8, ṯꜣꜣ8
 ḥr ṯꜣ(w)t, ḥr ṯꜣ(w)j
 m ṯꜣ(w)t, m ṯꜣ(w)j
 r ṯꜣ(w)t, r ṯꜣ(w)j
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ṯꜣ(w).n
 ṯꜣ(w)w, ṯꜣ(w), ṯꜣ(w)y
 consecutive ṯꜣ(w).jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ṯꜣ(w)t, ṯꜣ(w)yt
perfective3 ṯꜣ(w)
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ṯꜣ(w).ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ṯꜣ(w), ṯꜣ(w)y
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ṯꜣ(w)w, ṯꜣ(w), ṯꜣ(w)y
 ṯꜣ(w)w, ṯꜣ(w), ṯꜣ(w)y
 potentialis1 ṯꜣ(w).kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ṯꜣ(w), ṯꜣ(w)y
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ṯꜣ(w).n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ṯꜣ(w)w1, ṯꜣ(w)y, ṯꜣ(w)
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ṯꜣ(w)
 ṯꜣ(w)y, ṯꜣ(w)
imperfective ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣy, ṯꜣꜣw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣj6, ṯꜣꜣy6
 ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣw5
prospective ṯꜣ(w)w1, ṯꜣ(w)y, ṯꜣ(w), ṯꜣ(w)tj7
 — ṯꜣ(w)wtj1 4, ṯꜣ(w)tj4, ṯꜣ(w)t4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ṯꜣw  
ṯꜣw ṯꜣw
[Middle Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom]
Derived terms
  • ṯꜣwt
Descendants

References

  1. ^ de Buck, Adriaan (1935) The Egyptian Coffin Texts I: Texts of Spells 1–75, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, page I269
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