ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ
Punjabi
Alternative forms
- ਦੁਸ਼ਮਨ (duśman)
- ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਨ (dusman) — nuqtaless
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *dušmánāh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dušmánās, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-. Compare Hindustani دشمن / दुश्मन (duśman).
Cognate with Punjabi ਦੋਖੀ (dokhī), ultimately from Sanskrit दुष् (duṣ), also from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /d̪ʊʃ.məɳ/, [ˈd̪ʊʃ.məɳ(ə̆)]
- Rhymes: -əɳ
Noun
ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ • (duśmaṇ) m (Shahmukhi spelling دشمݨ)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ) | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ) |
| oblique | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ) | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣਾਂ (duśmaṇā̃) |
| vocative | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣਾ (duśmaṇā) | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੋ (duśmaṇo) |
| ablative | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੋਂ (duśmaṇõ) | — |
| locative | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੇ (duśmaṇe) | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੀਂ (duśmaṇī̃) |
| instrumental | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੇ (duśmaṇe) | ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣੀਂ (duśmaṇī̃) |
Further reading
- “ਦੁਸ਼ਮਨ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026