हत
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- হত (Assamese script)
- ᬳᬢ (Balinese script)
- হত (Bengali script)
- 𑰮𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀳𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ဟတ (Burmese script)
- હત (Gujarati script)
- ਹਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌹𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦲꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂯𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಹತ (Kannada script)
- ហត (Khmer script)
- ຫຕ (Lao script)
- ഹത (Malayalam script)
- ᡥᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘮𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠾᠠᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧎𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐴𑐟 (Newa script)
- ହତ (Odia script)
- ꢲꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆲𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖮𑖝 (Siddham script)
- හත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪂𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚩𑚙 (Takri script)
- ஹத (Tamil script)
- హత (Telugu script)
- หต (Thai script)
- ཧ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒯𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨱𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɦɐ.tɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɦɐ.t̪ɐ/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰatás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰatás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰn̥-tó-s, from *gʷʰen- (“to kill”). The form hataḥ instead of ghantaḥ may be explained as the result of analogical remodeling after हन्ति (hanti), which derives from the same root.[1]
Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬙𐬋 (jatō), Old Persian 𐎩𐎫 (jatáʰ), Ancient Greek φατός (phatós).
Adjective
ह॒त • (hatá) stem
- struck, beaten, slain, killed.
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.4:
- नाहं तं वे॑द॒ दभ्यं॒ दभ॒त्स यस्ये॒दं दू॒तीरस॑रं परा॒कात्।
न तं गू॑हन्ति स्र॒वतो॑ गभी॒रा ह॒ता इन्द्रे॑ण पणयः शयध्वे॥- nā́háṃ táṃ veda dábhyaṃ dábhatsá yásyedáṃ dūtī́rásaraṃ parākā́t.
ná táṃ gūhanti sraváto gabhīrā́ hatā́ índreṇa paṇayaḥ śayadhve. - I know him safe from harm: but he can punish who sent me hither from afar as envoy.
Him rivers flowing with deep waters bide not. Low will ye be, O Paṇis, slain by Indra.
- nā́háṃ táṃ veda dábhyaṃ dábhatsá yásyedáṃ dūtī́rásaraṃ parākā́t.
- नाहं तं वे॑द॒ दभ्यं॒ दभ॒त्स यस्ये॒दं दू॒तीरस॑रं परा॒कात्।
- injured, wounded, hurt.
- struck off.
- knocked out.
- whirled up, raised.
- (astronomy) touched.
- violated.
- ruined, wretched.
- useless.
- cheated, deceived.
- defective.
- (arithmetic) multiplied
Participle
हत • (hata) past passive participle (root हन्)
- past participle of हन् (han)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ह॒तः (hatáḥ) | ह॒तौ (hatáu) ह॒ता¹ (hatā́¹) |
ह॒ताः (hatā́ḥ) ह॒तासः॑¹ (hatā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | ह॒तम् (hatám) | ह॒तौ (hatáu) ह॒ता¹ (hatā́¹) |
ह॒तान् (hatā́n) |
| instrumental | ह॒तेन॑ (haténa) | ह॒ताभ्या॑म् (hatā́bhyām) | ह॒तैः (hatáiḥ) ह॒तेभिः॑¹ (hatébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ह॒ताय॑ (hatā́ya) | ह॒ताभ्या॑म् (hatā́bhyām) | ह॒तेभ्यः॑ (hatébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ह॒तात् (hatā́t) | ह॒ताभ्या॑म् (hatā́bhyām) | ह॒तेभ्यः॑ (hatébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ह॒तस्य॑ (hatásya) | ह॒तयोः॑ (hatáyoḥ) | ह॒ताना॑म् (hatā́nām) |
| locative | ह॒ते (haté) | ह॒तयोः॑ (hatáyoḥ) | ह॒तेषु॑ (hatéṣu) |
| vocative | हत॑ (háta) | हतौ॑ (hátau) हता॑¹ (hátā¹) |
हताः॑ (hátāḥ) हता॑सः¹ (hátāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ह॒ता (hatā́) | ह॒ते (haté) | ह॒ताः (hatā́ḥ) |
| accusative | ह॒ताम् (hatā́m) | ह॒ते (haté) | ह॒ताः (hatā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | ह॒तया॑ (hatáyā) ह॒ता¹ (hatā́¹) |
ह॒ताभ्या॑म् (hatā́bhyām) | ह॒ताभिः॑ (hatā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | ह॒तायै॑ (hatā́yai) | ह॒ताभ्या॑म् (hatā́bhyām) | ह॒ताभ्यः॑ (hatā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ह॒तायाः॑ (hatā́yāḥ) ह॒तायै॑² (hatā́yai²) |
ह॒ताभ्या॑म् (hatā́bhyām) | ह॒ताभ्यः॑ (hatā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ह॒तायाः॑ (hatā́yāḥ) ह॒तायै॑² (hatā́yai²) |
ह॒तयोः॑ (hatáyoḥ) | ह॒ताना॑म् (hatā́nām) |
| locative | ह॒ताया॑म् (hatā́yām) | ह॒तयोः॑ (hatáyoḥ) | ह॒तासु॑ (hatā́su) |
| vocative | हते॑ (háte) | हते॑ (háte) | हताः॑ (hátāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ह॒तम् (hatám) | ह॒ते (haté) | ह॒तानि॑ (hatā́ni) ह॒ता¹ (hatā́¹) |
| accusative | ह॒तम् (hatám) | ह॒ते (haté) | ह॒तानि॑ (hatā́ni) ह॒ता¹ (hatā́¹) |
| instrumental | ह॒तेन॑ (haténa) | ह॒ताभ्या॑म् (hatā́bhyām) | ह॒तैः (hatáiḥ) ह॒तेभिः॑¹ (hatébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ह॒ताय॑ (hatā́ya) | ह॒ताभ्या॑म् (hatā́bhyām) | ह॒तेभ्यः॑ (hatébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ह॒तात् (hatā́t) | ह॒ताभ्या॑म् (hatā́bhyām) | ह॒तेभ्यः॑ (hatébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ह॒तस्य॑ (hatásya) | ह॒तयोः॑ (hatáyoḥ) | ह॒ताना॑म् (hatā́nām) |
| locative | ह॒ते (haté) | ह॒तयोः॑ (hatáyoḥ) | ह॒तेषु॑ (hatéṣu) |
| vocative | हत॑ (háta) | हते॑ (háte) | हता॑नि (hátāni) हता॑¹ (hátā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢 (hata)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀳𑀅 (haa)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀤 (hada)
- Hindi: हया (hayā)
- ⇒ Hindi: हयना (haynā, “to kill, strike”) (poetic)
- Hindi: हया (hayā)
- Pali: hata
- → Telugu: హతము (hatamu)
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
ह॒त • (hatá)
- second-person plural imperative active of हन्ति (hanti, “to strike”)
References
- ^ Bryant F., Edwin with Patton, Laurie L. (2005), The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 184
- Monier Williams (1899), “हत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1287.