Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰn̥tós
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay”) + *-tós.
Adjective
Declension
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *gʷʰn̥tós | *gʷʰn̥téh₂ | |
| genitive | *gʷʰn̥tósyo | *gʷʰn̥téh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷʰn̥tós | *gʷʰn̥tóh₁ | *gʷʰn̥tóes |
| vocative | *gʷʰn̥té | *gʷʰn̥tóh₁ | *gʷʰn̥tóes |
| accusative | *gʷʰn̥tóm | *gʷʰn̥tóh₁ | *gʷʰn̥tóms |
| genitive | *gʷʰn̥tósyo | *? | *gʷʰn̥tóHom |
| ablative | *gʷʰn̥téad | *? | *gʷʰn̥tómos, *gʷʰn̥tóbʰos |
| dative | *gʷʰn̥tóey | *? | *gʷʰn̥tómos, *gʷʰn̥tóbʰos |
| locative | *gʷʰn̥téy, *gʷʰn̥tóy | *? | *gʷʰn̥tóysu |
| instrumental | *gʷʰn̥tóh₁ | *? | *gʷʰn̥tṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷʰn̥téh₂ | *gʷʰn̥téh₂h₁(e) | *gʷʰn̥téh₂es |
| vocative | *gʷʰn̥téh₂ | *gʷʰn̥téh₂h₁(e) | *gʷʰn̥téh₂es |
| accusative | *gʷʰn̥tā́m | *gʷʰn̥téh₂h₁(e) | *gʷʰn̥téh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *gʷʰn̥téh₂s | *? | *gʷʰn̥téh₂oHom |
| ablative | *gʷʰn̥téh₂s | *? | *gʷʰn̥téh₂mos, *gʷʰn̥téh₂bʰos |
| dative | *gʷʰn̥téh₂ey | *? | *gʷʰn̥téh₂mos, *gʷʰn̥téh₂bʰos |
| locative | *gʷʰn̥téh₂, *gʷʰn̥téh₂i | *? | *gʷʰn̥téh₂su |
| instrumental | *gʷʰn̥téh₂h₁ | *? | *gʷʰn̥téh₂mis, *gʷʰn̥téh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷʰn̥tóm | *gʷʰn̥tóy(h₁) | *gʷʰn̥téh₂ |
| vocative | *gʷʰn̥tóm | *gʷʰn̥tóy(h₁) | *gʷʰn̥téh₂ |
| accusative | *gʷʰn̥tóm | *gʷʰn̥tóy(h₁) | *gʷʰn̥téh₂ |
| genitive | *gʷʰn̥tósyo | *? | *gʷʰn̥tóHom |
| ablative | *gʷʰn̥téad | *? | *gʷʰn̥tómos, *gʷʰn̥tóbʰos |
| dative | *gʷʰn̥tóey | *? | *gʷʰn̥tómos, *gʷʰn̥tóbʰos |
| locative | *gʷʰn̥téy, *gʷʰn̥tóy | *? | *gʷʰn̥tóysu |
| instrumental | *gʷʰn̥tóh₁ | *? | *gʷʰn̥tṓys |
Descendants
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰətós (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰatás (see there for further descendants)
- >? Thracian: γέντον (génton, “flesh”)[7]
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “θείνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 536-537: “IE *gʷʰn-to-”
- ^ Yates, Anthony D. (2019), “Suffixal* o-vocalism without “amphikinesis:” On Proto-Indo-European*–oi-stems and ablaut as a diagnostic for word stress”, in Goldstein, David M, Jamison, Stephanie W, Vine, Brent, editors, Proceedings of the 30th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference[1], page 214: “Gk. φατός (phatós), Ved. hatá- < PIE *gʷʰn̥-tó- ‘slain’”
- ^ Yates, Anthony D. (1 August 2025), “The Anatolian reflexes of Indo-European τομή-, φυγή-, τόμος-, and τομός-type nominals and their historical implications”, in Indogermanische Forschungen[2], volume 130, number 1, , →ISSN, page 27: “*gʷʰen- ‘slay’ ⇒ *gʷʰn̥ ̊-tó- > Ved. hatá-, Gk. φατός (phatós)”
- ^ Kobayashi, Masato (2004), Historical Phonology of Old Indo-Aryan Consonants (Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa Monograph Series; 42)[3], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, →ISBN, page 24: “*gʷʰn-tó- ‘killed’ > Skt. hatá- : YAv. jata-”
- ^ Bryant F., Edwin with Patton, Laurie L. (2005), The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 184: “IE gʷʰn̥tos”
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011), Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 176: “*gʷʰn-tós 'killed'”
- ^ Szemerényi, Oswald (1954), “Illyrica”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen[4], volume 71, number 3/4, →ISSN, page 210
Further reading
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “2. gu̯hen-(ə)-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 491-492: “gu̯hn̥-tó-”