सोम

Borrowed from Sanskrit सोम (soma).

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /soːm/, [sõːm]

सोम • (som) m

1. (Hinduism) soma
2. (uncommon) the moon

   Synonyms: चांद (cānd), चंद्रमा (candramā)

सोम (transliteration needed)

1. breath
2. life
3. soul

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwHmas (“soma”), from Proto-Indo-European *sówh₁-mo-s, from *sewh₁- (“to press (forth)”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀 (haoma).^[1]

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ́w.mɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪oː.mɐ/

सोम॑ • (sóma) stem, m

1. the Soma drink; the juice or extract, of the soma plant
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.3:

     अपा॑म॒ सोम॑म्अ॒मृता॑ अभू॒माग॑न्म॒ ज्योति॒रवि॑दाम दे॒वान् ।
     किं नू॒नम॒स्मान्कृ॑णव॒दरा॑तिः॒ किमु॑ धू॒र्तिर॑मृत॒ मर्त्य॑स्य ॥

     ápāma sómamamṛ́tā abhūmā́ganma jyótirávidāma devā́n.
     kíṃ nūnámasmā́nkṛṇavadárātiḥ kímu dhūrtíramṛta mártyasya.

     • 1896 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith

       We have drunk Soma and become immortal; we have attained the light, the Gods discovered.
       Now what may foeman's malice do to harm us? What, O Immortal, mortal man's deception?

2. the soma plant itself
3. the moon
4. soma sacrifice
5. a day destined for extracting the soma-juice

• → Punjabi: ਸੋਮ (som)

सोम॑ • (sóma) stem, m

1. Soma personified as a deity
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.8:

     सोम॑ राजन्मृ॒ळया॑ नः स्व॒स्ति तव॑ स्मसि व्र॒त्या॒३॒॑स्तस्य॑ विद्धि ।
     अल॑र्ति॒ दक्ष॑ उ॒त म॒न्युरि॑न्दो॒ मा नो॑ अ॒र्यो अ॑नुका॒मं परा॑ दाः ॥

     sóma rājanmṛḷáyā naḥ svastí táva smasi vratyā̀stásya viddhi.
     álarti dákṣa utá manyúrindo mā́ no aryó anukāmáṃ párā dāḥ.

     • 1896 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith

       King Soma, favour us and make us prosper: we are thy devotees; of this be mindful.
       Spirit and power are fresh in us, O Indu give us not up unto our foeman's pleasure.

2. a name of Chandra

• मास (mā́sa)
• चन्द्र (candrá)

• Monier Williams (1899), “सोम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1249, column 3.