श्वसिति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

श्वसति (śvasati), श्वसते (śvasate)

Alternative scripts

শ্বসিতি (Assamese script)
ᬰ᭄ᬯᬲᬶᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
শ্বসিতি (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰿𑰪𑰭𑰰𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑁆𑀯𑀲𑀺𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ၐွသိတိ (Burmese script)
શ્વસિતિ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼੍ਵਸਿਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑍍𑌵𑌸𑌿𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦯ꧀ꦮꦱꦶꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂹𑂫𑂮𑂱𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಶ್ವಸಿತಿ (Kannada script)
ឝ្វសិតិ (Khmer script)
ຨ຺ວສິຕິ (Lao script)
ശ്വസിതി (Malayalam script)
ᡧᠣᠸᠠᠰ᠌ᡳᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘭𑘱𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠱᢦᠰᠢᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧠𑧊𑧍𑧒𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐶𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଶ୍ଵସିତି (Odia script)
ꢯ꣄ꢮꢱꢶꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑇀𑆮𑆱𑆴𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖿𑖪𑖭𑖰𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ශ‍්වසිති (Sinhalese script)
𑩿 𑪙𑩾𑪁𑩑𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚶𑚦𑚨𑚮𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ஶ்வஸிதி (Tamil script)
శ్వసితి (Telugu script)
ศฺวสิติ (Thai script)
ཤྭ་སི་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑓂𑒫𑒮𑒱𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑩇𑨭𑨰𑨁𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably from older *श्वस्ति (*śvásti), by analogy in conjugation with synonymous अनिति (aniti, “to breathe”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwes- (“to puff, pant”). Descendants can go back to either श्वसिति (śvasiti) or श्वसति (śvásati).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕʋɐ́.si.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕʋɐ.s̪i.t̪i/

Verb

श्वसि॑ति • (śvásiti) third-singular indicative (class 2, type P, present, root श्वस्)

to blow, hiss, pant, snort
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
to breathe, respire, draw breath, live
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
- 200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature
to sigh, groan
to strike, kill

Conjugation

Present: श्वसि॑ति (śvásiti)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	श्वसि॑ति śvásiti	श्व॒सि॒तः śvasitáḥ	श्व॒सन्ति॑ śvasánti	- -	- -	- -
Second	श्वसि॑षि śvásiṣi	श्व॒सि॒थः śvasitháḥ	श्व॒सि॒थ śvasithá	- -	- -	- -
First	श्वसि॑मि śvásimi	श्व॒सि॒वः śvasiváḥ	श्व॒सि॒मः / श्व॒सि॒मसि॑¹ śvasimáḥ / śvasimási¹	- -	- -	- -
Imperative
Third	श्वसि॑तु śvásitu	श्व॒सि॒ताम् śvasitā́m	श्व॒सन्तु॑ śvasántu	- -	- -	- -
Second	श्व॒सि॒हि śvasihí	श्व॒सि॒तम् śvasitám	श्व॒सि॒त śvasitá	- -	- -	- -
First	श्वसा॑नि śvásāni	श्वसा॑व śvásāva	श्वसा॑म śvásāma	- -	- -	- -
Optative/Potential
Third	श्व॒स्यात् śvasyā́t	श्व॒स्याता॑म् śvasyā́tām	श्व॒स्युः śvasyúḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	श्व॒स्याः śvasyā́ḥ	श्व॒स्यात॑म् śvasyā́tam	श्व॒स्यात॑ śvasyā́ta	- -	- -	- -
First	श्व॒स्याम् śvasyā́m	श्व॒स्याव॑ śvasyā́va	श्व॒स्याम॑ śvasyā́ma	- -	- -	- -
Subjunctive
Third	श्वस॑त् / श्वस॑ति śvásat / śvásati	श्वस॑तः śvásataḥ	श्वस॑न् śvásan	- -	- -	- -
Second	श्वसः॑ / श्वस॑सि śvásaḥ / śvásasi	श्वस॑थः śvásathaḥ	श्वस॑थ śvásatha	- -	- -	- -
First	श्वसा॑नि / श्वसा॑ śvásāni / śvásā	श्वसा॑व śvásāva	श्वसा॑म śvásāma	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	श्व॒सत् śvasát			- -
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अश्व॑सीत् (áśvasīt)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अश्व॑सीत् áśvasīt	अश्व॑सिताम् áśvasitām	अश्व॑सन् áśvasan	- -	- -	- -
Second	अश्व॑सीः áśvasīḥ	अश्व॑सितम् áśvasitam	अश्व॑सित áśvasita	- -	- -	- -
First	अश्व॑सम् áśvasam	अश्व॑सिव áśvasiva	अश्व॑सिम áśvasima	- -	- -	- -

Rigveda 8.93.16 has zero-grade शुषे (śuṣe, 1sg.pres.ind.med.).

Derived terms

अनुश्वसिति (anuśvasiti)
आश्वसिति (āśvasiti, “breathe, revive”)
उच्छ्वसिति (ucchvasiti)
उपश्वसिति (upaśvasiti)
निःश्वसिति (niḥśvasiti, “hiss”)
निश्वसिति (niśvasiti)
प्रश्वसिति (praśvasiti)
विश्वसिति (viśvasiti)

Descendants

Pali: ससति (sasati, “breathes”)
Prakrit: ससइ (sasaï, “breathes”)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “श्वसिति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1105.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 401
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “śvas”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 489-490