युग
See also: योग
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Sanskrit युग (yugá). Doublet of जुग (jug).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /jʊɡ/
Noun
युग • (yug) m (Urdu spelling یگ)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | युग yug |
युग yug |
| oblique | युग yug |
युगों yugõ |
| vocative | युग yug |
युगो yugo |
Related terms
- योग (yog)
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
युग n
- Devanagari script form of yuga (“pair; generation”)
Declension
Declension table of "युग" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | युगं (yugaṃ) | युगानि (yugāni) |
| Accusative (second) | युगं (yugaṃ) | युगानि (yugāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | युगेन (yugena) | युगेहि (yugehi) or युगेभि (yugebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | युगस्स (yugassa) or युगाय (yugāya) or युगत्थं (yugatthaṃ) | युगानं (yugānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | युगस्मा (yugasmā) or युगम्हा (yugamhā) or युगा (yugā) | युगेहि (yugehi) or युगेभि (yugebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | युगस्स (yugassa) | युगानं (yugānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | युगस्मिं (yugasmiṃ) or युगम्हि (yugamhi) or युगे (yuge) | युगेसु (yugesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | युग (yuga) | युगानि (yugāni) |
Noun
युग m
- Devanagari script form of yuga (“yoke”)
Declension
Declension table of "युग" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | युगो (yugo) | युगा (yugā) |
| Accusative (second) | युगं (yugaṃ) | युगे (yuge) |
| Instrumental (third) | युगेन (yugena) | युगेहि (yugehi) or युगेभि (yugebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | युगस्स (yugassa) or युगाय (yugāya) or युगत्थं (yugatthaṃ) | युगानं (yugānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | युगस्मा (yugasmā) or युगम्हा (yugamhā) or युगा (yugā) | युगेहि (yugehi) or युगेभि (yugebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | युगस्स (yugassa) | युगानं (yugānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | युगस्मिं (yugasmiṃ) or युगम्हि (yugamhi) or युगे (yuge) | युगेसु (yugesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | युग (yuga) | युगा (yugā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- যুগ (Assamese script)
- ᬬᬸᬕ (Balinese script)
- যুগ (Bengali script)
- 𑰧𑰲𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀬𑀼𑀕 (Brahmi script)
- ယုဂ (Burmese script)
- યુગ (Gujarati script)
- ਯੁਗ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌯𑍁𑌗 (Grantha script)
- ꦪꦸꦒ (Javanese script)
- 𑂨𑂳𑂏 (Kaithi script)
- ಯುಗ (Kannada script)
- យុគ (Khmer script)
- ຍຸຄ (Lao script)
- യുഗ (Malayalam script)
- ᠶᡠᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘧𑘳𑘐 (Modi script)
- ᠶ᠋ᠤᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧇𑧔𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐫𑐸𑐐 (Newa script)
- ଯୁଗ (Odia script)
- ꢫꢸꢔ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆪𑆶𑆓 (Sharada script)
- 𑖧𑖲𑖐 (Siddham script)
- යුග (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩻𑩒𑩞 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚣𑚰𑚌 (Takri script)
- யுக³ (Tamil script)
- యుగ (Telugu script)
- ยุค (Thai script)
- ཡུ་ག (Tibetan script)
- 𑒨𑒳𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨪𑨃𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yugám, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬎𐬎𐬀 (yuua), Ancient Greek ζυγόν (zugón), Latin iugum, Old English ġeoc (whence English yoke). The Sanskrit root is युज् (yuj).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ju.ɡɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ju.ɡɐ/
Noun
यु॒ग • (yugá) stem, n
- (literally) yoke
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.53.17:
- स्थि॒रौ गावौ॑ भवतां वी॒ळुरक्षो॒ मेषा वि व॑र्हि॒ मा यु॒गं वि शा॑रि।
इन्द्रः॑ पात॒ल्ये॑ ददतां॒ शरी॑तो॒ररि॑ष्टनेमे अ॒भि नः॑ सचस्व॥- sthiráu gā́vau bhavatāṃ vīḷúrákṣo méṣā́ ví varhi mā́ yugáṃ ví śāri.
índraḥ pātalyè dadatāṃ śárītoráriṣṭaneme abhí naḥ sacasva. - Strong be the pair of oxen, firm the axles, let not the pole slip nor the yoke be broken.
May Indra, keep the yoke-pins from decaying: attend us, thou whose fellies are uninjured.
- sthiráu gā́vau bhavatāṃ vīḷúrákṣo méṣā́ ví varhi mā́ yugáṃ ví śāri.
- स्थि॒रौ गावौ॑ भवतां वी॒ळुरक्षो॒ मेषा वि व॑र्हि॒ मा यु॒गं वि शा॑रि।
- brace
- pair, couple, team (especially of animals)
- a race of men, generation
- a period or astronomical cycle of 5 (rarely 6) years, a lustrum (especially in the cycle of Jupiter)
- an age of the world, long mundane period of years, an eon, era
- c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā IV.8:
- परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम्।
धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय संभवामि युगे युगे॥- paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām.
dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya saṃbhavāmi yuge yuge. - To deliver the pious and destroy the miscreants and to reestablish Dharma, I appear eon after eon.
- paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām.
- परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम्।
- a measure of length
- name of a particular position or configuration of the moon
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | यु॒गम् (yugám) | यु॒गे (yugé) | यु॒गानि॑ (yugā́ni) यु॒गा¹ (yugā́¹) |
| accusative | यु॒गम् (yugám) | यु॒गे (yugé) | यु॒गानि॑ (yugā́ni) यु॒गा¹ (yugā́¹) |
| instrumental | यु॒गेन॑ (yugéna) | यु॒गाभ्या॑म् (yugā́bhyām) | यु॒गैः (yugáiḥ) यु॒गेभिः॑¹ (yugébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | यु॒गाय॑ (yugā́ya) | यु॒गाभ्या॑म् (yugā́bhyām) | यु॒गेभ्यः॑ (yugébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | यु॒गात् (yugā́t) | यु॒गाभ्या॑म् (yugā́bhyām) | यु॒गेभ्यः॑ (yugébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | यु॒गस्य॑ (yugásya) | यु॒गयोः॑ (yugáyoḥ) | यु॒गाना॑म् (yugā́nām) |
| locative | यु॒गे (yugé) | यु॒गयोः॑ (yugáyoḥ) | यु॒गेषु॑ (yugéṣu) |
| vocative | युग॑ (yúga) | युगे॑ (yúge) | युगा॑नि (yúgāni) युगा॑¹ (yúgā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Related terms
- योग (yóga)
Descendants
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
- Bengali: জোয়াল (jōẇal)
- Dardic:
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀼𑀅 (jua)
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- → Bengali: যুগ (jug)
- → Gujarati: જુગ (jug)
- → Hindustani:
- → Malayalam: യുഗം (yugaṁ)
- → Marathi: युग (yug)
- → Nepali: युग (yug)
- → Odia: ଯୁଗ (juga)
- → Old Javanese: yuga
- > Javanese: ꦪꦸꦒ (yuga) (inherited)
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਯੁੱਗ (yugg)
- Shahmukhi script: یگ (yugg)
- → Tamil: யுகம் (yukam), உகம் (ukam), நுகம் (nukam)
- → Telugu: యుగము (yugamu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “युग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 854.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “yugá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 412-3
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “yugá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 606