युग

See also: योग

Hindi

Etymology

    Borrowed from Sanskrit युग (yugá). Doublet of जुग (jug).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    युग • (yugm (Urdu spelling یگ)

    1. age, epoch

    Declension

    Declension of युग (masc cons-stem)
    singular plural
    direct युग
    yug
    युग
    yug
    oblique युग
    yug
    युगों
    yugõ
    vocative युग
    yug
    युगो
    yugo

    Pali

    Alternative forms

    Noun

    युग n

    1. Devanagari script form of yuga (“pair; generation”)

    Declension

    Noun

    युग m

    1. Devanagari script form of yuga (“yoke”)

    Declension

    Sanskrit

    Alternative scripts

    Etymology

      From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yugám, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬎𐬎𐬀 (yuua), Ancient Greek ζυγόν (zugón), Latin iugum, Old English ġeoc (whence English yoke). The Sanskrit root is युज् (yuj).

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      यु॒ग • (yugá) stemn

      1. (literally) yoke
        • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.53.17:
          स्थि॒रौ गावौ॑ भवतां वी॒ळुरक्षो॒ मेषा वि व॑र्हि॒ मा यु॒गं वि शा॑रि।
          इन्द्रः॑ पात॒ल्ये॑ ददतां॒ शरी॑तो॒ररि॑ष्टनेमे अ॒भि नः॑ सचस्व॥
          sthiráu gā́vau bhavatāṃ vīḷúrákṣo méṣā́ ví varhi mā́ yugáṃ ví śāri.
          índraḥ pātalyè dadatāṃ śárītoráriṣṭaneme abhí naḥ sacasva.
          Strong be the pair of oxen, firm the axles, let not the pole slip nor the yoke be broken.
          May Indra, keep the yoke-pins from decaying: attend us, thou whose fellies are uninjured.
      2. brace
      3. pair, couple, team (especially of animals)
      4. a race of men, generation
      5. a period or astronomical cycle of 5 (rarely 6) years, a lustrum (especially in the cycle of Jupiter)
      6. an age of the world, long mundane period of years, an eon, era
        • c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā IV.8:
          परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम्।
          धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय संभवामि युगे युगे
          paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām.
          dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya saṃbhavāmi yuge yuge.
          To deliver the pious and destroy the miscreants and to reestablish Dharma, I appear eon after eon.
      7. a measure of length
      8. name of a particular position or configuration of the moon

      Declension

      Neuter a-stem declension of यु॒ग
      singular dual plural
      nominative यु॒गम् (yugám) यु॒गे (yugé) यु॒गानि॑ (yugā́ni)
      यु॒गा¹ (yugā́¹)
      accusative यु॒गम् (yugám) यु॒गे (yugé) यु॒गानि॑ (yugā́ni)
      यु॒गा¹ (yugā́¹)
      instrumental यु॒गेन॑ (yugéna) यु॒गाभ्या॑म् (yugā́bhyām) यु॒गैः (yugáiḥ)
      यु॒गेभिः॑¹ (yugébhiḥ¹)
      dative यु॒गाय॑ (yugā́ya) यु॒गाभ्या॑म् (yugā́bhyām) यु॒गेभ्यः॑ (yugébhyaḥ)
      ablative यु॒गात् (yugā́t) यु॒गाभ्या॑म् (yugā́bhyām) यु॒गेभ्यः॑ (yugébhyaḥ)
      genitive यु॒गस्य॑ (yugásya) यु॒गयोः॑ (yugáyoḥ) यु॒गाना॑म् (yugā́nām)
      locative यु॒गे (yugé) यु॒गयोः॑ (yugáyoḥ) यु॒गेषु॑ (yugéṣu)
      vocative युग॑ (yúga) युगे॑ (yúge) युगा॑नि (yúgāni)
      युगा॑¹ (yúgā¹)
      • ¹Vedic

      Descendants

      • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
      • Dardic:
        • Kalasha: ǰu (yoke)
        • Torwali: يو ()
      • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀼𑀅 (jua)
      • Sauraseni Prakrit:
        • Hindustani:
          Hindi: जुआ (juā), जूआ (jūā), जुवा (juvā)
          Urdu: جوا (jūā, juvā)
        • Nepali: जुवा (juwā)
      • Bengali: যুগ (jug)
      • Gujarati: જુગ (jug)
      • Hindustani:
        Hindi: युग (yug)
        Urdu: یگ (yug)
      • Malayalam: യുഗം (yugaṁ)
      • Marathi: युग (yug)
      • Nepali: युग (yug)
      • Odia: ଯୁଗ (juga)
      • Old Javanese: yuga
      • Punjabi:
        Gurmukhi script: ਯੁੱਗ (yugg)
        Shahmukhi script: یگ (yugg)
      • Tamil: யுகம் (yukam), உகம் (ukam), நுகம் (nukam)
      • Telugu: యుగము (yugamu)

      References

      • Monier Williams (1899), “युग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 854.
      • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “yugá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 412-3
      • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “yugá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 606