मृष्ट
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- মৃষ্ট (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬺᬱ᭄ᬝ (Balinese script)
- মৃষ্ট (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰴𑰬𑰿𑰘 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀾𑀱𑁆𑀝 (Brahmi script)
- မၖၑ္ဋ (Burmese script)
- મૃષ્ટ (Gujarati script)
- ਮ੍ਰਸ਼੍ਟ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍃𑌷𑍍𑌟 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦽꦰ꧀ꦛ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑃂𑂭𑂹𑂗 (Kaithi script)
- ಮೃಷ್ಟ (Kannada script)
- ម្ឫឞ្ដ (Khmer script)
- ມ຺ຣິຩ຺ຏ (Lao script)
- മൃഷ്ട (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡵᡳᢢᢞᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘵𑘬𑘿𑘘 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠷᠢᢔᢌᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧖𑧌𑧠𑦸 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐺𑐲𑑂𑐚 (Newa script)
- ମୃଷ୍ଟ (Odia script)
- ꢪꢺꢰ꣄ꢜ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆸𑆰𑇀𑆛 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖴𑖬𑖿𑖘 (Siddham script)
- මෘෂ්ට (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩙𑪀 𑪙𑩦 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚶𑚔 (Takri script)
- ம்ரிஷ்ட (Tamil script)
- మృష్ట (Telugu script)
- มฺฤษฺฏ (Thai script)
- མྲྀ་ཥྚ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒵𑒭𑓂𑒙 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨼𑨉𑨯𑩇𑨔 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From a merging of two sources:[1]
- Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hmr̥ṣṭás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hmr̥štás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂mr̥ǵ-tós; by synchronic analysis, मृज् (mṛj, “to wipe, purify”) + -त (-ta).
- मृश् (mṛś, “to touch”) + -त (-ta), particularly in the sense of "touched".
It has also been suggested that the "sweet, pleasant" sense is separate from the above senses and cognate with Proto-Celtic *mlastos (“taste”), though this is speculative, as semantic shifts from "purified" > "beautiful" > "delicious" are rather feasible.[2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /mr̩ʂ.ʈɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /mr̩ʂ.ʈɐ/
Participle
मृ॒ष्ट • (mṛṣṭá) past passive participle (root मृज्)
Adjective
मृ॒ष्ट • (mṛṣṭá) stem (root मृज्)
- (literal, figurative) pure
- smeared, besmeared with [with instrumental]
- (figurative) (particularly in the form मिष्ट (miṣṭa)) prepared, dressed, savoury, dainty
- sweet, pleasant, agreeable
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मृ॒ष्टः (mṛṣṭáḥ) | मृ॒ष्टौ (mṛṣṭáu) मृ॒ष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹) |
मृ॒ष्टाः (mṛṣṭā́ḥ) मृ॒ष्टासः॑¹ (mṛṣṭā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | मृ॒ष्टम् (mṛṣṭám) | मृ॒ष्टौ (mṛṣṭáu) मृ॒ष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹) |
मृ॒ष्टान् (mṛṣṭā́n) |
| instrumental | मृ॒ष्टेन॑ (mṛṣṭéna) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टैः (mṛṣṭáiḥ) मृ॒ष्टेभिः॑¹ (mṛṣṭébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मृ॒ष्टाय॑ (mṛṣṭā́ya) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टेभ्यः॑ (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मृ॒ष्टात् (mṛṣṭā́t) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टेभ्यः॑ (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मृ॒ष्टस्य॑ (mṛṣṭásya) | मृ॒ष्टयोः॑ (mṛṣṭáyoḥ) | मृ॒ष्टाना॑म् (mṛṣṭā́nām) |
| locative | मृ॒ष्टे (mṛṣṭé) | मृ॒ष्टयोः॑ (mṛṣṭáyoḥ) | मृ॒ष्टेषु॑ (mṛṣṭéṣu) |
| vocative | मृष्ट॑ (mṛ́ṣṭa) | मृष्टौ॑ (mṛ́ṣṭau) मृष्टा॑¹ (mṛ́ṣṭā¹) |
मृष्टाः॑ (mṛ́ṣṭāḥ) मृष्टा॑सः¹ (mṛ́ṣṭāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मृ॒ष्टा (mṛṣṭā́) | मृ॒ष्टे (mṛṣṭé) | मृ॒ष्टाः (mṛṣṭā́ḥ) |
| accusative | मृ॒ष्टाम् (mṛṣṭā́m) | मृ॒ष्टे (mṛṣṭé) | मृ॒ष्टाः (mṛṣṭā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | मृ॒ष्टया॑ (mṛṣṭáyā) मृ॒ष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹) |
मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टाभिः॑ (mṛṣṭā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | मृ॒ष्टायै॑ (mṛṣṭā́yai) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्यः॑ (mṛṣṭā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मृ॒ष्टायाः॑ (mṛṣṭā́yāḥ) मृ॒ष्टायै॑² (mṛṣṭā́yai²) |
मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्यः॑ (mṛṣṭā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मृ॒ष्टायाः॑ (mṛṣṭā́yāḥ) मृ॒ष्टायै॑² (mṛṣṭā́yai²) |
मृ॒ष्टयोः॑ (mṛṣṭáyoḥ) | मृ॒ष्टाना॑म् (mṛṣṭā́nām) |
| locative | मृ॒ष्टाया॑म् (mṛṣṭā́yām) | मृ॒ष्टयोः॑ (mṛṣṭáyoḥ) | मृ॒ष्टासु॑ (mṛṣṭā́su) |
| vocative | मृष्टे॑ (mṛ́ṣṭe) | मृष्टे॑ (mṛ́ṣṭe) | मृष्टाः॑ (mṛ́ṣṭāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मृ॒ष्टम् (mṛṣṭám) | मृ॒ष्टे (mṛṣṭé) | मृ॒ष्टानि॑ (mṛṣṭā́ni) मृ॒ष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹) |
| accusative | मृ॒ष्टम् (mṛṣṭám) | मृ॒ष्टे (mṛṣṭé) | मृ॒ष्टानि॑ (mṛṣṭā́ni) मृ॒ष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹) |
| instrumental | मृ॒ष्टेन॑ (mṛṣṭéna) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टैः (mṛṣṭáiḥ) मृ॒ष्टेभिः॑¹ (mṛṣṭébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मृ॒ष्टाय॑ (mṛṣṭā́ya) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टेभ्यः॑ (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मृ॒ष्टात् (mṛṣṭā́t) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टेभ्यः॑ (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मृ॒ष्टस्य॑ (mṛṣṭásya) | मृ॒ष्टयोः॑ (mṛṣṭáyoḥ) | मृ॒ष्टाना॑म् (mṛṣṭā́nām) |
| locative | मृ॒ष्टे (mṛṣṭé) | मृ॒ष्टयोः॑ (mṛṣṭáyoḥ) | मृ॒ष्टेषु॑ (mṛṣṭéṣu) |
| vocative | मृष्ट॑ (mṛ́ṣṭa) | मृष्टे॑ (mṛ́ṣṭe) | मृष्टा॑नि (mṛ́ṣṭāni) मृष्टा॑¹ (mṛ́ṣṭā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
मृ॒ष्ट • (mṛṣṭá) stem, n (root मृज्)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मृ॒ष्टम् (mṛṣṭám) | मृ॒ष्टे (mṛṣṭé) | मृ॒ष्टानि॑ (mṛṣṭā́ni) मृ॒ष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹) |
| accusative | मृ॒ष्टम् (mṛṣṭám) | मृ॒ष्टे (mṛṣṭé) | मृ॒ष्टानि॑ (mṛṣṭā́ni) मृ॒ष्टा¹ (mṛṣṭā́¹) |
| instrumental | मृ॒ष्टेन॑ (mṛṣṭéna) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टैः (mṛṣṭáiḥ) मृ॒ष्टेभिः॑¹ (mṛṣṭébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मृ॒ष्टाय॑ (mṛṣṭā́ya) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टेभ्यः॑ (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मृ॒ष्टात् (mṛṣṭā́t) | मृ॒ष्टाभ्या॑म् (mṛṣṭā́bhyām) | मृ॒ष्टेभ्यः॑ (mṛṣṭébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मृ॒ष्टस्य॑ (mṛṣṭásya) | मृ॒ष्टयोः॑ (mṛṣṭáyoḥ) | मृ॒ष्टाना॑म् (mṛṣṭā́nām) |
| locative | मृ॒ष्टे (mṛṣṭé) | मृ॒ष्टयोः॑ (mṛṣṭáyoḥ) | मृ॒ष्टेषु॑ (mṛṣṭéṣu) |
| vocative | मृष्ट॑ (mṛ́ṣṭa) | मृष्टे॑ (mṛ́ṣṭe) | मृष्टा॑नि (mṛ́ṣṭāni) मृष्टा॑¹ (mṛ́ṣṭā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
Descendants
- Pali: maṭṭha (“wiped, polished”)
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀞 (maṭṭha, “wiped, polished”)
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: मट्ठा (maṭṭhā)
- Urdu: مٹّھا (maṭṭhā)
- Marathi: माठणे (māṭhṇe)
- With -𑀭- (-ra-) or -𑀮- (-la-):
- Nepali: मुठार्नु (muṭhārnu)
- Gujarati: મઠારવું (maṭhārvũ)
- Marathi: मठारणे (maṭhārṇe)
- Hindustani:
With unexplained loss of aspiration:
- Pali: maṭṭa
- Kashmiri: مٹن (miṭun)
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀝𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (miṭijjaï, “is wiped out”)
The alternative form with -i- < -ṛ- is seen as early as the Mahabharata, specialized with the meaning of "pure, good, (esp.) sweet":
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (miṭṭha, “sweet”)
- Bengali: মিঠা (miṭha)
- Assamese: মিঠা (mitha)
- Odia: ମିଠାଁ (miṭhā̃)
- Maithili: मीठ (mīṭh) / 𑂧𑂲𑂘 (mīṭh)
- Bhojpuri: मीठ (mīṭh)
- Gujarati: મીઠું (mīṭhũ)
- Punjabi: ਮਿੱਠਾ (miṭṭhā) / مِٹّھا (miṭṭhā)
- Hindustani:
- Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘲𑘙 (mīṭha, “salt”)
- Marathi: मीठ (mīṭh, “salt”)
- Marathi: मीठा (mīṭhā, “sweet”)
- Saraiki: مِٹّھا (miṭṭhā)
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “mr̥ṣṭá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 595
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963), “mṛṣṭáḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 678
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “मृष्ट”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 829, column 3.