मृज्
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- मर्ज् (marj), मार्ज् (mārj), मृश् (mṛś)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- মৃজ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬺᬚ᭄ (Balinese script)
- মৃজ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰴𑰕𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀾𑀚𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- မၖဇ် (Burmese script)
- મૃજ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਮ੍ਰਜ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍃𑌜𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦽꦗ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑃂𑂔𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಮೃಜ್ (Kannada script)
- ម្ឫជ៑ (Khmer script)
- ມ຺ຣິຊ຺ (Lao script)
- മൃജ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡵᡳᡯ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘵𑘕𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠷᠢᠽ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧖𑦵𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐺𑐖𑑂 (Newa script)
- ମୃଜ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢪꢺꢙ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆸𑆘𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖴𑖕𑖿 (Siddham script)
- මෘජ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩙𑩣 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚑𑚶 (Takri script)
- ம்ரிஜ் (Tamil script)
- మృజ్ (Telugu script)
- มฺฤชฺ (Thai script)
- མྲྀ་ཛ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒵𑒖𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨼𑨉𑨥𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ-
Sanskrit मृज्
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ- (“to wipe”) (reconstructed by Mayrhofer as *h₂merǵ-), perhaps with merging of Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ- (“to milk”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀμόργνῡμῐ (omórgnūmĭ, “to wipe”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /mr̩d͡ʑ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /mr̩d͡ʑ/
Root
मृज् • (mṛj)
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- मार्ष्टि॑ (mā́rṣṭi, present)
- मृ॒जति॑ (mṛjáti, present)
- मार्ज॑ति (mā́rjati, present)
- मृञ्जत (mṛñjata, Vedic, third-person plural injunctive)
- म्र॒क्ष्यते॑ (mrakṣyáte, future)
- मा॒र्क्ष्यते॑ (mārkṣyáte, future)
- मा॒र्जि॒ष्यति॑ (mārjiṣyáti, future)
- म्र॒ष्टा (mraṣṭā́, periphrastic future)
- मा॒र्ष्टा (mārṣṭā́, periphrastic future)
- मा॒र्जि॒ता (mārjitā́, periphrastic future)
- अमा॑र्क्षीत् (ámārkṣīt, aorist)
- अमा॑र्जीत् (ámārjīt, aorist)
- अमृ॑क्षत् (ámṛkṣat, aorist)
- म॒मार्ज॑ (mamā́rja, perfect)
- मा॒मार्ज॑ (māmā́rja, perfect)
Secondary forms
- मृ॒ज्यते॑ (mṛjyáte, passive)
- अमा॑र्जि (ámārji, passive aorist)
- म॒र्जय॑ति (marjáyati, causative)
- मा॒र्जय॑ति (mārjáyati, causative)
- अमी॑मृजत (ámīmṛjata, causative aorist)
- अम॑मार्जत् (ámamārjat, causative aorist)
- मार्ज्यते (mārjyate, passive of causative)
- मिमार्जिषति (mimārjiṣati, desiderative)
- मिमृक्षति (mimṛkṣati, desiderative)
- मर्मृजीति (marmṛjīti, intensive)
- मर्मृज्यते (marmṛjyate, intensive)
- मरीमृज्यते (marīmṛjyate, intensive)
Non-finite forms
- मृ॒ष्ट (mṛṣṭá, past participle)
- मृ॒जि॒त (mṛjitá, past participle)
- मा॒र्जि॒त (mārjitá, past participle)
- मर्ष्टुम् (marṣṭum, infinitive)
- मार्ष्टुम् (mārṣṭum, infinitive)
- मार्जितुम् (mārjitum, infinitive)
- मृजस् (mṛjas, infinitive)
- मृ॒ष्ट्वा (mṛṣṭvā́, gerund)
- मा॒र्जि॒त्वा (mārjitvā́, gerund)
- मŕज्य (mŕjya, gerund)
- मार्ज्य (mārjya, gerund)
- मर्ज्य॑ (márjya, gerundive)
- मृज्य (mṛjya, gerundive)
- मार्ष्टव्य (mārṣṭavya, gerundive)
- मा॒र्ज॒नीय॑ (mārjanī́ya, gerundive)
Derived nominal forms
Prefixed root forms
- अनुमृज् (anumṛj)
- अपमृज् (apamṛj)
- अवमृज् (avamṛj)
- आमृज् (āmṛj)
- उन्मृज् (unmṛj)
- उपमृज् (upamṛj)
- निमृज् (nimṛj)
- निर्मृज् (nirmṛj)
- परिमृज् (parimṛj)
- प्रमृज् (pramṛj)
- विमृज् (vimṛj)
- सम्मृज् (sammṛj)
The root मृक्ष् (mṛkṣ) is probably derived from the desiderative of this term.
The word मार्जार (mārjāra) is traditionally connected with this root, but that is certainly a folk etymology.
Descendants
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root मृज् (9 c, 0 e)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “MARJ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 324
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “मृज्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 829, column 2.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “मृज्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), “mṛj”, in The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 125
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “मृज्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “mṛj”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 377
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 280
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume IV, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 738