Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂melǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂melǵ-^[1]

to milk
milk

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂melǵ- (15 c, 0 e)

*h₂mélǵ-ti ~ *h₂ml̥ǵ-énti (athematic root present)
*h₂molǵ-éye-ti (iterative)
- Proto-Italic: *molgeō
  - Latin: mulgeō (“I milk”)
*h₂mélǵ-os ~ h₂mélǵ-es-os (s-stem noun)
- Proto-Celtic: *melgos
  - Old Irish: melg

Unsorted formations

Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: malks (“sip, nip, swig”)
- Lithuanian: malkas
Proto-Celtic: *mlixtus (< *h₂ml̥ǵtus)
- Old Irish: mlicht
  - Middle Irish: blicht
    - Irish: bleacht (“milk yield”)
- Proto-Brythonic: bliθ
  - Welsh: blith (“milch”)
Proto-Germanic: *melkaz (“milky, milk-giving”)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *milkijaz
  - Old English: *melċe, *milċe (þrimilċe)
    - Middle English: milche, melche
      - English: milch
  - Old Frisian:
    - Saterland Frisian: meelk
  - Old Saxon:
    - Low German: melke
  - Old High German: melch
    - Middle High German: mëlch, melk
      - Alemannic German: mëlch
      - German: melk
  - Old Norse:
    - Icelandic: milkur, mjólkur
Proto-Germanic: *meluks (“milk”) (with unexplained -u-)
- → Proto-Samic: *mielkkē
- →? Proto-Slavic: *melko (“milk”)
Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: malke (“milk”), mālk- (“to milk”) (< *h₂melǵ-ei̯e)
- Tocharian B: malkwer (“milk”), mālkant (“to milk”)

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[1]