माष

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

মাষ (Assamese script)
ᬫᬵᬱ (Balinese script)
মাষ (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰯𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀸𑀱 (Brahmi script)
မာၑ (Burmese script)
માષ (Gujarati script)
ਮਾਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑌾𑌷 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦴꦰ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂰𑂭 (Kaithi script)
ಮಾಷ (Kannada script)
មាឞ (Khmer script)
ມາຩ (Lao script)
മാഷ (Malayalam script)
ᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘰𑘬 (Modi script)
ᠮᠠᢗᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑧑𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐵𑐲 (Newa script)
ମାଷ (Odia script)
ꢪꢵꢰ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆳𑆰 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖯𑖬 (Siddham script)
මාෂ (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑩛𑪀 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚭 (Takri script)
மாஷ (Tamil script)
మాష (Telugu script)
มาษ (Thai script)
མཱ་ཥ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒰𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨊𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *máša-; compare Persian (mâš, “vetch, mung bean”) and Shughni мах̌ (max̌, “pea, bean”), as well as, outside of Indo-Iranian, Albanian modhull (“vetch”)^[1] and Romanian mazăre (“peas”). Said terms seem to go back to a Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵʰ- (“small bean”), though based on the "local vegetable" semantic category and irregular sound correspondences between the Indo-Iranian and European terms, the source word is likely to be ultimately of non-Indo-European substrate origin.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɑ́ː.ʂɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /mɑː.ʂɐ/

Noun

माष॑ • (mā́ṣa) stem, m

any Old World bean
(Later Sanskrit) urad
a weight of gold
Synonym: सुवर्ण (suvarṇa)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of माष॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	माषः॑ (mā́ṣaḥ)	माषौ॑ (mā́ṣau) माषा॑¹ (mā́ṣā¹)	माषाः॑ (mā́ṣāḥ) माषा॑सः¹ (mā́ṣāsaḥ¹)
accusative	माष॑म् (mā́ṣam)	माषौ॑ (mā́ṣau) माषा॑¹ (mā́ṣā¹)	माषा॑न् (mā́ṣān)
instrumental	माषे॑ण (mā́ṣeṇa)	माषा॑भ्याम् (mā́ṣābhyām)	माषैः॑ (mā́ṣaiḥ) माषे॑भिः¹ (mā́ṣebhiḥ¹)
dative	माषा॑य (mā́ṣāya)	माषा॑भ्याम् (mā́ṣābhyām)	माषे॑भ्यः (mā́ṣebhyaḥ)
ablative	माषा॑त् (mā́ṣāt)	माषा॑भ्याम् (mā́ṣābhyām)	माषे॑भ्यः (mā́ṣebhyaḥ)
genitive	माष॑स्य (mā́ṣasya)	माष॑योः (mā́ṣayoḥ)	माषा॑णाम् (mā́ṣāṇām)
locative	माषे॑ (mā́ṣe)	माष॑योः (mā́ṣayoḥ)	माषे॑षु (mā́ṣeṣu)
vocative	माष॑ (mā́ṣa)	माषौ॑ (mā́ṣau) माषा॑¹ (mā́ṣā¹)	माषाः॑ (mā́ṣāḥ) माषा॑सः¹ (mā́ṣāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Gandhari: 𐨨𐨮 (maṣa)
- → Middle Persian:
  - Persian: ماش (mâš)
    - Tajik: мош (moš)
    - → Arabic: مَاش (māš)
    - → Azerbaijani: maş
    - → Georgian: მაშა (maša)
    - → Karakalpak: мәш
    - → Kazakh: мәш (mäş)
      - →? Russian: маш (maš)
        → Romanian: maș (Moldova)
        → Ukrainian: маш (maš)
    - → Middle Armenian: մաշ (maš)
      - Armenian: մաշ (maš)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: ماش (maş), մաշ (maş) — Armeno-Turkish
      - Turkish: maş
    - → Turkmen: mäş
    - → Uzbek: мош (mosh)
→ Khmer: មាស (miəh)
- → Thai: มาศ (mâat)
→ Malay: emas
Pali: māsa
- → Burmese: မတ် (mat) (cf. မတ်ပဲ (matpai:))
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: মাহ (mah)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: माष (māṣ)
  
  Urdu: ماش (māś)
- Nepali: मास (mās)
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਮਾਸ਼ (māś)
  
  Shahmukhi script: ماش (māś)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “mā́ṣa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 352
^ Savelyev, A. (2017). Language Dispersal Beyond Farming. Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 284