पवस्त
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
- পৱস্ত (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬯᬲ᭄ᬢ (Balinese script)
- পবস্ত (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰪𑰭𑰿𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ပဝသ္တ (Burmese script)
- પવસ્ત (Gujarati script)
- ਪਵਸ੍ਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑌵𑌸𑍍𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦮꦱ꧀ꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂫𑂮𑂹𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಪವಸ್ತ (Kannada script)
- បវស្ត (Khmer script)
- ປວສ຺ຕ (Lao script)
- പവസ്ത (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᠠᠸᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘪𑘭𑘿𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᠸᠠᠰᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧊𑧍𑧠𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐟 (Newa script)
- ପଵସ୍ତ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢮꢱ꣄ꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆮𑆱𑇀𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖪𑖭𑖿𑖝 (Siddham script)
- පවස්ත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩾𑪁 𑪙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚦𑚨𑚶𑚙 (Takri script)
- பவஸ்த (Tamil script)
- పవస్త (Telugu script)
- ปวสฺต (Thai script)
- པ་ཝ་སྟ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒫𑒮𑓂𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨭𑨰𑩇𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pawástam (“covering, envelope”). Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎿𐎫𐎠 (p-a-v-s-t-a /pavastā/, “thin clay envelope”), whence Persian پوست (pust, “hide”). Also compare पुस्तक (pustaka, “book”), a borrowing from Middle Iranian. The Indo-Iranian word most likely traces back to a combination of *pa-was-ta-, the former component from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (compare अप (apa, “away, back; down”)), and the latter from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to dress”) (compare वस्ते (vaste, “to put on, invest, wear”)). The form of the former component as प- (pa-), rather than the expected अप- (apa-), is explained as a preserved archaism from Old Indo-Aryan.[1][2]
Alternatively, Cheung connects the word to Proto-Iranian *paus- (“to dress, clothe, cover”) (whence Persian پوشیدن (pušidan, “to wear clothes”)), deriving both from an unidentified substrate.[3] This is less likely, considering the word's Vedic presence and existence of a plausible Indo-Iranian etymology.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pɐ.ʋɐ́s.tɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /pɐ.ʋɐs̪.t̪ɐ/
Noun
प॒वस्त॑ • (pavásta) stem, n
- a covering, garment
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.27.7:
- अभूर्वौक्षीर्व्यु आयुरानड्दर्षन्नु पूर्वो अपरो नु दर्षत् ।
द्वे पवस्ते परि तं न भूतो यो अस्य पारे रजसो विवेष ॥- abhūrvaukṣīrvyu āyurānaḍdarṣannu pūrvo aparo nu darṣat.
dve pavaste pari taṃ na bhūto yo asya pāre rajaso viveṣa. - Thou wast, thou grewest to full vital vigour: an earlier saw, a later one shall see thee.
Two canopies, as ’twere, are round about him who reacheth to the limit of this region.
- abhūrvaukṣīrvyu āyurānaḍdarṣannu pūrvo aparo nu darṣat.
- अभूर्वौक्षीर्व्यु आयुरानड्दर्षन्नु पूर्वो अपरो नु दर्षत् ।
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 4.7.6:
- पवस्तैस् त्वा पर्य् अक्रीणन् दूर्शेभिर् अजिनैर् उत ।
प्रक्रीर् असि त्वम् ओषधे ऽभ्रिखाते न रूरुपः ॥- pavastais tvā pary akrīṇan dūrśebhir ajinair uta.
prakrīr asi tvam oṣadhe ʼbhrikhāte na rūrupaḥ. - [People] have traded you for garments, woven cloths, and deer-skins.
O Plant, dug up with a pickaxe, you are a thing of sale; do not cause us harm!
- pavastais tvā pary akrīṇan dūrśebhir ajinair uta.
- पवस्तैस् त्वा पर्य् अक्रीणन् दूर्शेभिर् अजिनैर् उत ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | प॒वस्त॑म् (pavástam) | प॒वस्ते॑ (paváste) | प॒वस्ता॑नि (pavástāni) प॒वस्ता॑¹ (pavástā¹) |
| accusative | प॒वस्त॑म् (pavástam) | प॒वस्ते॑ (paváste) | प॒वस्ता॑नि (pavástāni) प॒वस्ता॑¹ (pavástā¹) |
| instrumental | प॒वस्ते॑न (pavástena) | प॒वस्ता॑भ्याम् (pavástābhyām) | प॒वस्तैः॑ (pavástaiḥ) प॒वस्ते॑भिः¹ (pavástebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | प॒वस्ता॑य (pavástāya) | प॒वस्ता॑भ्याम् (pavástābhyām) | प॒वस्ते॑भ्यः (pavástebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | प॒वस्ता॑त् (pavástāt) | प॒वस्ता॑भ्याम् (pavástābhyām) | प॒वस्ते॑भ्यः (pavástebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | प॒वस्त॑स्य (pavástasya) | प॒वस्त॑योः (pavástayoḥ) | प॒वस्ता॑नाम् (pavástānām) |
| locative | प॒वस्ते॑ (paváste) | प॒वस्त॑योः (pavástayoḥ) | प॒वस्ते॑षु (pavásteṣu) |
| vocative | पव॑स्त (pávasta) | पव॑स्ते (pávaste) | पव॑स्तानि (pávastāni) पव॑स्ता¹ (pávastā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: potthaka (with Middle Indo-Aryan -ka-)
- Prakrit: 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (pŏttha)
- Prakrit: 𑀧𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (pŏtthaya) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -ka-)
- Sindhi: پوٿو (potho, “lump of rag for smearing”)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “pavásta-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 105
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963), “pavástam”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 238
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*paus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 303
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “पवस्त”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 611, column 2.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “पवस्त”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan