द्रु
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- দ্ৰু (Assamese script)
- ᬤ᭄ᬭᬸ (Balinese script)
- দ্রু (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰿𑰨𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- ဒြု (Burmese script)
- દ્રુ (Gujarati script)
- ਦ੍ਰੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑍍𑌰𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦿꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑂹𑂩𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ದ್ರು (Kannada script)
- ទ្រុ (Khmer script)
- ທ຺ຣຸ (Lao script)
- ദ്രു (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᡵᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘿𑘨𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠷᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑧠𑧈𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑑂𑐬𑐸 (Newa script)
- ଦ୍ରୁ (Odia script)
- ꢣ꣄ꢬꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑇀𑆫𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖿𑖨𑖲 (Siddham script)
- ද්රු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭 𑪙𑩼𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚰 (Takri script)
- த்³ரு (Tamil script)
- ద్రు (Telugu script)
- ทฺรุ (Thai script)
- དྲུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑓂𑒩𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑩇𑨫𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /dɾu/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d̪ɾu/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *drew-, oblique case stem of *dóru, whence also regularly Sanskrit दारु (dā́ru).[1][2] Compare Ancient Greek δρῦς (drûs) and Old Church Slavonic дръва (drŭva).
Noun
द्रु • (drú) stem, m or n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | द्रुः (drúḥ) | द्रू (drū́) | द्रवः॑ (drávaḥ) |
| accusative | द्रुम् (drúm) | द्रू (drū́) | द्रून् (drū́n) |
| instrumental | द्रुणा॑ (drúṇā) द्र्वा¹ (drvā́¹) |
द्रुभ्या॑म् (drúbhyām) | द्रुभिः॑ (drúbhiḥ) |
| dative | द्रवे॑ (dráve) | द्रुभ्या॑म् (drúbhyām) | द्रुभ्यः॑ (drúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | द्रोः (dróḥ) | द्रुभ्या॑म् (drúbhyām) | द्रुभ्यः॑ (drúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | द्रोः (dróḥ) | द्र्वोः (drvóḥ) | द्रू॒णाम् (drūṇā́m) |
| locative | द्रौ (dráu) | द्र्वोः (drvóḥ) | द्रुषु॑ (drúṣu) |
| vocative | द्रो (dró) | द्रू (drū́) | द्रवः॑ (drávaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | द्रु (drú) | द्रुणी॑ (drúṇī) | द्रूणि॑ (drū́ṇi) द्रु¹ (drú¹) द्रू¹ (drū́¹) |
| accusative | द्रु (drú) | द्रुणी॑ (drúṇī) | द्रूणि॑ (drū́ṇi) द्रु¹ (drú¹) द्रू¹ (drū́¹) |
| instrumental | द्रुणा॑ (drúṇā) द्र्वा¹ (drvā́¹) |
द्रुभ्या॑म् (drúbhyām) | द्रुभिः॑ (drúbhiḥ) |
| dative | द्रुणे॑ (drúṇe) द्रवे॑¹ (dráve¹) |
द्रुभ्या॑म् (drúbhyām) | द्रुभ्यः॑ (drúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | द्रुणः॑ (drúṇaḥ) द्रोः¹ (dróḥ¹) |
द्रुभ्या॑म् (drúbhyām) | द्रुभ्यः॑ (drúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | द्रुणः॑ (drúṇaḥ) द्रोः¹ (dróḥ¹) |
द्रुणोः॑ (drúṇoḥ) द्र्वोः¹ (drvóḥ¹) |
द्रू॒णाम् (drūṇā́m) |
| locative | द्रुणि॑ (drúṇi) द्रौ¹ (dráu¹) |
द्रुणोः॑ (drúṇoḥ) द्र्वोः¹ (drvóḥ¹) |
द्रुषु॑ (drúṣu) |
| vocative | द्रु (drú) द्रो (dró) |
द्रुणी॑ (drúṇī) | द्रूणि॑ (drū́ṇi) द्रु¹ (drú¹) द्रू¹ (drū́¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- द्रव्य (dravya, “related to trees, a resin”)
- द्रुपद (drupadá, “wooden post (to which captives are tied)”)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “dru-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 759
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “dā́ru-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 721
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “द्रु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 502, column 1.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *drew- (“to run”).[1] Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎 (drauu, “to run”), and, outside of Indo-Iranian, possibly Latin amtruō (“to dance around”),[2] Dravus (“the Drava river in southern Central Europe”).[3] See also द्रा (drā, “to run”), which may be related.[2]
Alternative forms
- द्रव् (drav)
Root
द्रु • (dru)
- to run, hasten, flee
- to run up to, attack, assault
- to become fluid, dissolve, melt
- to cause to run, make flow
- to make fluid, melt
- to drive away, put to flight
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
Secondary forms
- अद्रा॑वि (ádrāvi, passive aorist)
- द्रा॒वय॑ति (drāváyati, causative)
- अदु॑द्रुवत् (ádudruvat, causative aorist)
- द्राव्यते (drāvyate, passive of causative)
- दुद्रूषति (dudrūṣati, desiderative)
- दोद्रूयते (dodrūyate, intensive)
- दोद्रोति (dodroti, intensive)
- दोद्राव (dodrāva, intensive perfect)
Non-finite forms
- द्रु॒त (drutá, past participle)
- द्रोतुम् (drotum, infinitive)
- द्रु॒त्वा (drutvā́, gerund)
- द्रुत्य॑ (drútya, gerund)
Derived nominal forms
- द्र॒व (dravá)
- द्र॒वत् (dravát)
- द्र॒व॒र (dravará)
- द्र॒वि॒त्नु (dravitnú)
- द्राव (drāva)
- द्रावण (drāvaṇa)
- द्राविन् (drāvin)
Prefixed root forms
- अतिद्रु (atidru)
- अधिद्रु (adhidru)
- अनुद्रु (anudru)
- अपद्रु (apadru)
- अभिद्रु (abhidru)
- आद्रु (ādru)
- उद्द्रु (uddru)
- उपद्रु (upadru)
- निर्द्रु (nirdru)
- पराद्रु (parādru)
- परिद्रु (paridru)
- प्रद्रु (pradru)
- विद्रु (vidru)
- संद्रु (saṃdru)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root द्रु (0 c, 3 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root द्रु (2 c, 0 e)
References
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*drau²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 77
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “drav”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 181
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “DRAV”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 755
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “द्रु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 502, column 1.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), “dru, 'run'”, in The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 80
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “dru”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.