ढल्नु

Nepali

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰwerh₁-?

Sanskrit ध्वृ (dhvṛ)

Sanskrit ध्वर॑ति (dhvárati)?

Prakrit 𑀠𑀮𑀇 (ḍhalaï)

Nepali ढल्नु

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀠𑀮𑀇 (ḍhalaï),^[1] possibly from Sanskrit ध्वर॑ति (dhvárati), from ध्वृ (dhvṛ), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwerh₁-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɖʱʌ̤lnu]
Phonetic Devanagari: ढल्नु

Verb

ढल्नु • (ḍhalnu) (intransitive)

to fall down
to be felled
to be knocked over
to tilt, lean
to draw to a close
to faint

Conjugation

Conjugation of ढल्नु [ɖʱʌlnu]

Information
Stem			ढल्- [ɖʱʌl-]
Conjugation type			1^st conjugation: consonant-ending stem, regular.
Derivatives
I-stem (Passive)			ढलिनु [ɖʱʌlinu]
A-stem (Causative/Denominative)			ढलाउनु [ɖʱʌläu̯nu]
Non-finite forms
Infinitives			ढल्नु [ɖʱʌlnu] ढल्न‍ [ɖʱʌlnʌ]
Participles			Affirmative (+)	Negative (–)
	Conjunctive		ढलेर [ɖʱʌleɾʌ] ढली [ɖʱʌli] ढलीकन‍ [ɖʱʌlikʌnʌ]	नढलेर‍ [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌleɾʌ] नढली [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌli] नढलीकन‍ [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlikʌnʌ]
	1^st Perfect	m. sing.	ढलेको [ɖʱʌleko]	नढलेको [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌleko]
		f. sing.	ढलेकी [ɖʱʌleki]	नढलेकी [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌleki]
		pl.	ढलेका [ɖʱʌlekä]	नढलेका [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlekä]
		high-resp.	ढल्नुभएको [ɖʱʌlnu ͜ bʱʌeko]	नढल्नुभएको [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlnu ͜ bʱʌeko]
	2^nd Perfect	normal	ढले [ɖʱʌle]	नढले [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌle]
	2^nd Perfect	high-resp.	ढल्नुभए [ɖʱʌlnu ͜ bʱʌe]	नढल्नुभए [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlnu ͜ bʱʌe]
	Imperfect	normal	ढल्दा [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ä] ढल्दै [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯] ढल्दो [ɖʱʌl̪d̪o]	नढल्दा [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌl̪d̪ä] नढल्दै [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯] नढल्दो [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌl̪d̪o]
	Imperfect	high-resp.	ढल्नुहुँदा [ɖʱʌlnuɦũd̪ä] ढल्नुहुँदै [ɖʱʌlnuɦũd̪ʌi̯] ढल्नुहुँदो [ɖʱʌlnuɦũd̪o]	नढल्नुहुँदा [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlnuɦũd̪ä] नढल्नुहुँदै [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlnuɦũd̪ʌi̯] नढल्नुहुँदो [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlnuɦũd̪o]
	Infinitival	normal	ढल्ने [ɖʱʌlne]	नढल्ने [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlne]
	Infinitival	high-resp.	ढल्नुहुने [ɖʱʌlnuɦune]	नढल्नुहुने [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlnuɦune]
	Absolutive		ढलि [ɖʱʌli]

Finite forms of ढल्नु [ɖʱʌlnu]
Person			1^st				2^nd				3^rd				2^nd & 3^rd
Pronoun			म SING.		हामी PL.		तँ LOW-RESP. SING.		तिमी MID-RESP.		ऊ LOW-RESP. SING.		उनी MID-RESP.		तपाईं / ऊहाँ HIGH-RESP.
Pronoun			m	f	m	f	m	f	m	f	m	f	m	f	तपाईं / ऊहाँ HIGH-RESP.
Present		+	ढल्छु [ɖʱʌlt͡sʰu]		ढल्छौं [ɖʱʌlt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		ढल्छस् [ɖʱʌlt͡sʰʌs]	ढल्छेस् [ɖʱʌlt͡sʰes]	ढल्छौ [ɖʱʌlt͡sʰʌu̯]	ढल्छ्यौ [ɖʱʌlt͡sʰeu̯]	ढल्छ [ɖʱʌlt͡sʰʌʌ]	ढल्छे [ɖʱʌlt͡sʰe]	ढल्छन् [ɖʱʌlt͡sʰʌn]	ढल्छिन् [ɖʱʌlt͡sʰin]	ढल्नुहुन्छ [ɖʱʌlnuɦunt͡sʰʌ]
Present		–	ढल्दिनँ [ɖʱʌl̪d̪inʌ̃]		ढल्दैनौं [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯]		ढल्दैनस् [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌs]	ढल्दिनेस् [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ines]	ढल्दैनौ [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌu̯]	ढल्दिनौ [ɖʱʌl̪d̪inʌu̯]	ढल्दैन [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌ]	ढल्दिने [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ine]	ढल्दैनन् [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌn]	ढल्दिनन् [ɖʱʌl̪d̪inʌn]	ढल्नुहुँदैन [ɖʱʌlnuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ]
Past	Simple	+	ढलें [ɖʱʌlẽ]		ढल्यौं [ɖʱʌljʌ̃ũ̯]		ढलिस् [ɖʱʌlis]		ढल्यौ [ɖʱʌljʌu̯]		ढल्यो [ɖʱʌljo]	ढली [ɖʱʌli]	ढले [ɖʱʌle]	ढलिन् [ɖʱʌlin]	ढल्नुभयो [ɖʱʌlnu ͜ bʱʌjo]
	Simple	–	ढलिनँ [ɖʱʌlinʌ̃]		ढलेनौं [ɖʱʌlenʌ̃ũ̯]		ढलेनस् [ɖʱʌlenʌs]	ढलिनेस् [ɖʱʌlines]	ढलेनौ [ɖʱʌlenʌu̯]		ढलेन [ɖʱʌlenʌ]	ढलिने [ɖʱʌline]	ढलेनन् [ɖʱʌlenʌn]	ढलिनन् [ɖʱʌlinʌn]	ढल्नुभएन [ɖʱʌlnu ͜ bʱʌenʌ]
	Habitual	+	ढल्थें [ɖʱʌl̪t̪ʰẽ]		ढल्थ्यौं [ɖʱʌl̪t̪ʰẽũ̯]		ढल्थिस् [ɖʱʌl̪t̪ʰis]		ढल्थ्यौ [ɖʱʌl̪t̪ʰeu̯]		ढल्थ्यो [ɖʱʌl̪t̪ʰjo]	ढल्थी [ɖʱʌl̪t̪ʰi]	ढल्थे [ɖʱʌl̪t̪ʰe]	ढल्थिन् [ɖʱʌl̪t̪ʰin]	ढल्नुहुन्थ्यो [ɖʱʌlnuɦun̪t̪ʰjo]
	Habitual	–	ढल्दिनथें [ɖʱʌl̪d̪inʌt̪ʰẽ]		ढल्दैनथ्यौं [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰẽũ̯]		ढल्दैनथिस् [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰis]	ढल्दिनथिस् [ɖʱʌl̪d̪inʌt̪ʰis]	ढल्दैनथ्यौ [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰeu̯]	ढल्दिनथ्यौ [ɖʱʌl̪d̪inʌt̪ʰeu̯]	ढल्दैनथ्यो [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo]	ढल्दैनथी [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰi]	ढल्दैनथे [ɖʱʌl̪d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰe]	ढल्दिनथिन् [ɖʱʌl̪d̪inʌt̪ʰin]	ढल्नुहुँदैनथ्यो [ɖʱʌlnuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo]
	Unknown	+	ढलेछु [ɖʱʌlet͡sʰu]	ढलिछु [ɖʱʌlit͡sʰu]	ढलेछौं [ɖʱʌlet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		ढलेछस् [ɖʱʌlet͡sʰʌs]	ढलिछेस् [ɖʱʌlit͡sʰes]	ढलेछौ [ɖʱʌlet͡sʰʌu̯]		ढलेछ [ɖʱʌlet͡sʰʌ]	ढलिछे [ɖʱʌlit͡sʰe]	ढलेछन् [ɖʱʌlet͡sʰʌn]	ढलिछिन् [ɖʱʌlit͡sʰin]	ढल्नुभएछ [ɖʱʌlnu ͜ bʱʌet͡sʰʌ]
	Unknown	–	ढलेनछु [ɖʱʌlenʌt͡sʰu]	ढलिनछु [ɖʱʌlinʌt͡sʰu]	ढलेनछौं [ɖʱʌlenʌt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		ढलेनछस् [ɖʱʌlenʌt͡sʰʌs]	ढलिनछेस् [ɖʱʌlinʌt͡sʰes]	ढलेनछौ [ɖʱʌlenʌt͡sʰʌu̯]		ढलेनछ [ɖʱʌlenʌt͡sʰʌ]	ढलिनछे [ɖʱʌlinʌt͡sʰe]	ढलेनछन् [ɖʱʌlenʌt͡sʰʌn]	ढलिनछिन् [ɖʱʌlinʌt͡sʰin]	ढल्नुभएनछ [ɖʱʌlnu ͜ bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ]
Future	Definite	+	ढल्नेछु [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰu]		ढल्नेछौं [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		ढल्नेछस् [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌs]	ढल्नेछेस् [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰes]	ढल्नेछौ [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌu̯]	ढल्नेछ्यौ [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰeu̯]	ढल्नेछ [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌ]	ढल्नेछे [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰe]	ढल्नेछन् [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌn]	ढल्नेछिन् [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰin]	ढल्नुहुनेछ [ɖʱʌlnuɦunet͡sʰʌ]
	Definite	–	ढल्नेछैनँ [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃]		ढल्नेछैनौं [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯]		ढल्नेछैनस् [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌs]	ढल्नेछैनेस् [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌi̯nes]	ढल्नेछैनौ [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯]		ढल्नेछैन [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ]		ढल्नेछैनन् [ɖʱʌlnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌn]		ढल्नुहुनेछैन [ɖʱʌlnuɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ]
	Indefinite	+	ढलुँला [ɖʱʌlũlä]	ढलुँली [ɖʱʌlũli]	ढलौंला [ɖʱʌlʌ̃ũ̯lä]		ढल्लास् [ɖʱʌlläs]	ढल्लिस् [ɖʱʌllis]	ढलौला, ढल्लाउ [ɖʱʌlʌu̯lä, ɖʱʌlläu̯]	ढलौली, ढल्लेउ [ɖʱʌlʌu̯li, ɖʱʌlleu̯]	ढल्ला [ɖʱʌllä]	ढल्ली [ɖʱʌlli]	ढल्लान्, ढल्नन् [ɖʱʌllän, ɖʱʌlnʌn]	ढल्लिन्, ढल्निन् [ɖʱʌllin, ɖʱʌlnin]	ढल्नुहोला [ɖʱʌlnuɦolä]
		–	ढलोइनँ [ɖʱʌloi̯nʌ̃]		ढलोइनौं [ɖʱʌloi̯nʌ̃ũ̯]		ढलोइनस् [ɖʱʌloi̯nʌs]		ढलोइनौ [ɖʱʌloi̯nʌu̯]		ढलोइन [ɖʱʌloi̯nʌ]		ढलोइनन् [ɖʱʌloi̯nʌn]		ढल्नुहोओइन [ɖʱʌlnuɦooi̯nʌ]
		–	नढलुँला [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlũlä]	नढलुँली [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlũli]	नढलौंला [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlʌ̃ũ̯lä]		नढल्लास् [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlläs]	नढल्लिस् [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌllis]	नढलौला, नढल्लाउ [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlʌu̯lä, nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlläu̯]	नढलौली, नढल्लेउ [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlʌu̯li, nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlleu̯]	नढल्ला [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌllä]	नढल्ली [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlli]	नढल्लान्, नढल्नन् [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌllän, nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlnʌn]	नढल्लिन्, नढल्निन् [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌllin, nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlnin]	नढल्नुहोला [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlnuɦolä]
Injunctive		+	ढलूँ [ɖʱʌlũ]		ढलौं, ढलूँ [ɖʱʌlʌ̃ũ̯, ɖʱʌlũ]		ढल्, ढलेस्, ढले [ɖʱʌl, ɖʱʌles, ɖʱʌle]		ढल, ढले [ɖʱʌlʌ, ɖʱʌle]		ढलोस् [ɖʱʌlos]		ढलून् [ɖʱʌlun]		ढल्नुहोओस् [ɖʱʌlnuɦoos]
Injunctive		–	नढलूँ [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlũ]		नढलौं, नढलूँ [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlʌ̃ũ̯, nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlũ]		नढल्, नढलेस्, नढले [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌl, nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌles, nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌle]		नढल, नढले [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlʌ, nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌle]		नढलोस् [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlos]		नढलून् [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlun]		नढल्नुहोओस् [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlnuɦoos]
Imperative		+	—		—		ढल् [ɖʱʌl]		ढल [ɖʱʌlʌ]		—		—		ढल्नुहोस्, ढल्नोस् [ɖʱʌlnuɦos, ɖʱʌlnos]
Imperative		–	—		—		नढल् [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌl]		नढल [nʌ ͜ ɖʱʌlʌ]		—		—		नढल्नुहोस्, नढल्नोस् [nʌɽʌlnuɦos, nʌɽʌlnos]

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ḍhalati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

“ढल्नु”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎^[1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “ढल्नु”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ḍhalati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

[1]