चतुर्थ
Hindi
| 40 | ||
| [a], [b] ← 3 | ४ 4 |
5 → [a], [b] |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: चार (cār) Ordinal: चौथा (cauthā), चतुर्थ (caturth) Adverbial: चौबारा (caubārā) Multiplier: चौगुना (caugunā) Collective: चारों (cārõ) Fractional: चौथाई (cauthāī) | ||
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चतुर्थ (caturtha).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /t͡ʃə.t̪ʊɾt̪ʰ/, [t͡ʃɐ.t̪ʊɾt̪ʰ]
Adjective
चतुर्थ • (caturth) (indeclinable)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- চতুৰ্থ (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬢᬸᬃᬣ (Balinese script)
- চতুর্থ (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰝𑰲𑰨𑰿𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀣 (Brahmi script)
- စတုရ်္ထ (Burmese script)
- ચતુર્થ (Gujarati script)
- ਚਤੁਰ੍ਥ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑌤𑍁𑌰𑍍𑌥 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦠꦸꦂꦡ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂞𑂳𑂩𑂹𑂟 (Kaithi script)
- ಚತುರ್ಥ (Kannada script)
- ចតុថ៌ (Khmer script)
- ຈຕຸຣ຺ຖ (Lao script)
- ചതുര്ഥ (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᠠᢠᡠᡵᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘝𑘳𑘨𑘿𑘞 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠠᢐᠤᠷᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑦽𑧔𑧈𑧠𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐟𑐸𑐬𑑂𑐠 (Newa script)
- ଚତୁର୍ଥ (Odia script)
- ꢗꢡꢸꢬ꣄ꢢ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆠𑆶𑆫𑇀𑆡 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖝𑖲𑖨𑖿𑖞 (Siddham script)
- චතුර්ථ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩫𑩒𑩼 𑪙𑩬 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚙𑚰𑚤𑚶𑚚 (Takri script)
- சதுர்த² (Tamil script)
- చతుర్థ (Telugu script)
- จตุรฺถ (Thai script)
- ཙ་ཏུ་རྠ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒞𑒳𑒩𑓂𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨙𑨃𑨫𑩇𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)
| 40[a], [b] | ||
| ← 3 | ४ 4 |
5 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: चतुर् (catur) Ordinal: चतुर्थ (caturtha), तुरीय (turīya) Adverbial: चतुस् (catus) Multiplier: चतुर्धा (caturdhā) | ||
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥-th₂ó-s (“fourth”), from *kʷetwóres. Cognate with Ancient Greek τέτᾰρτος (tétărtos), Proto-Germanic *fedurþô (whence English fourth), Latin quārtus, Old East Slavic четвьртъ (četvĭrtŭ).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /t͡ɕɐ.tuɾ.tʰɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t͡ɕɐ.t̪uɾ.t̪ʰɐ/
Adjective
च॒तु॒र्थ • (caturthá) stem
- fourth
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 15.13:
- तद्यस्यैवं विद्वान् व्रात्यश्चतुर्थीं रात्रिमतिथिर्गृहे वसति । ये पुण्यानां पुण्या लोकास्तान् एव तेनाव रुन्धे ॥
- tadyasyaivaṃ vidvān vrātyaścaturthīṃ rātrimatithirgṛhe vasati. ye puṇyānāṃ puṇyā lokāstān eva tenāva rundhe.
- He in whose house the wise Vrātya abides on the fourth night secures for himself thereby the holy realms of the Holy.
- तद्यस्यैवं विद्वान् व्रात्यश्चतुर्थीं रात्रिमतिथिर्गृहे वसति । ये पुण्यानां पुण्या लोकास्तान् एव तेनाव रुन्धे ॥
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | च॒तु॒र्थः (caturtháḥ) | च॒तु॒र्थौ (caturtháu) च॒तु॒र्था¹ (caturthā́¹) |
च॒तु॒र्थाः (caturthā́ḥ) च॒तु॒र्थासः॑¹ (caturthā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | च॒तु॒र्थम् (caturthám) | च॒तु॒र्थौ (caturtháu) च॒तु॒र्था¹ (caturthā́¹) |
च॒तु॒र्थान् (caturthā́n) |
| instrumental | च॒तु॒र्थेन॑ (caturthéna) | च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām) | च॒तु॒र्थैः (caturtháiḥ) च॒तु॒र्थेभिः॑¹ (caturthébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | च॒तु॒र्थाय॑ (caturthā́ya) | च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām) | च॒तु॒र्थेभ्यः॑ (caturthébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | च॒तु॒र्थात् (caturthā́t) | च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām) | च॒तु॒र्थेभ्यः॑ (caturthébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | च॒तु॒र्थस्य॑ (caturthásya) | च॒तु॒र्थयोः॑ (caturtháyoḥ) | च॒तु॒र्थाना॑म् (caturthā́nām) |
| locative | च॒तु॒र्थे (caturthé) | च॒तु॒र्थयोः॑ (caturtháyoḥ) | च॒तु॒र्थेषु॑ (caturthéṣu) |
| vocative | चतु॑र्थ (cáturtha) | चतु॑र्थौ (cáturthau) चतु॑र्था¹ (cáturthā¹) |
चतु॑र्थाः (cáturthāḥ) चतु॑र्थासः¹ (cáturthāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | च॒तु॒र्थी (caturthī́) | च॒तु॒र्थ्यौ॑ (caturthyàu) च॒तु॒र्थी¹ (caturthī́¹) |
च॒तु॒र्थ्यः॑ (caturthyàḥ) च॒तु॒र्थीः¹ (caturthī́ḥ¹) |
| accusative | च॒तु॒र्थीम् (caturthī́m) | च॒तु॒र्थ्यौ॑ (caturthyàu) च॒तु॒र्थी¹ (caturthī́¹) |
च॒तु॒र्थीः (caturthī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | च॒तु॒र्थ्या (caturthyā́) | च॒तु॒र्थीभ्या॑म् (caturthī́bhyām) | च॒तु॒र्थीभिः॑ (caturthī́bhiḥ) |
| dative | च॒तु॒र्थ्यै (caturthyái) | च॒तु॒र्थीभ्या॑म् (caturthī́bhyām) | च॒तु॒र्थीभ्यः॑ (caturthī́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | च॒तु॒र्थ्याः (caturthyā́ḥ) च॒तु॒र्थ्यै² (caturthyái²) |
च॒तु॒र्थीभ्या॑म् (caturthī́bhyām) | च॒तु॒र्थीभ्यः॑ (caturthī́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | च॒तु॒र्थ्याः (caturthyā́ḥ) च॒तु॒र्थ्यै² (caturthyái²) |
च॒तु॒र्थ्योः (caturthyóḥ) | च॒तु॒र्थीना॑म् (caturthī́nām) |
| locative | च॒तु॒र्थ्याम् (caturthyā́m) | च॒तु॒र्थ्योः (caturthyóḥ) | च॒तु॒र्थीषु॑ (caturthī́ṣu) |
| vocative | चतु॑र्थि (cáturthi) | चतु॑र्थ्यौ (cáturthyau) चतु॑र्थी¹ (cáturthī¹) |
चतु॑र्थ्यः (cáturthyaḥ) चतु॑र्थीः¹ (cáturthīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | च॒तु॒र्थम् (caturthám) | च॒तु॒र्थे (caturthé) | च॒तु॒र्थानि॑ (caturthā́ni) च॒तु॒र्था¹ (caturthā́¹) |
| accusative | च॒तु॒र्थम् (caturthám) | च॒तु॒र्थे (caturthé) | च॒तु॒र्थानि॑ (caturthā́ni) च॒तु॒र्था¹ (caturthā́¹) |
| instrumental | च॒तु॒र्थेन॑ (caturthéna) | च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām) | च॒तु॒र्थैः (caturtháiḥ) च॒तु॒र्थेभिः॑¹ (caturthébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | च॒तु॒र्थाय॑ (caturthā́ya) | च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām) | च॒तु॒र्थेभ्यः॑ (caturthébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | च॒तु॒र्थात् (caturthā́t) | च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām) | च॒तु॒र्थेभ्यः॑ (caturthébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | च॒तु॒र्थस्य॑ (caturthásya) | च॒तु॒र्थयोः॑ (caturtháyoḥ) | च॒तु॒र्थाना॑म् (caturthā́nām) |
| locative | च॒तु॒र्थे (caturthé) | च॒तु॒र्थयोः॑ (caturtháyoḥ) | च॒तु॒र्थेषु॑ (caturthéṣu) |
| vocative | चतु॑र्थ (cáturtha) | चतु॑र्थे (cáturthe) | चतु॑र्थानि (cáturthāni) चतु॑र्था¹ (cáturthā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
Inherited
- Dardic:
- Kohistani:
- Kalami: چوٹ (čoṭ)
- Kohistani:
- Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨟𐨂𐨪𐨿𐨠 (caturtha)
- Gandhari: 𐨕𐨡𐨂𐨳 (caduṭ́ha)
- Pali: catuttha
- → Burmese: စတုတ္ထ (ca.tuthta.)
- Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caüttha), 𑀘𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (cŏttha) — Māhārāṣṭrī, 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caduttha) — Śaurasenī, Māgadhī, 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (caduṭṭha) — Śaurasenī, 𑀘𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀞 (caüṭṭha) — Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī
- Central Indo-Aryan:
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Western Indo-Aryan:
Further reading
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “चतुर्थ”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Monier Williams (1899), “चतुर्थ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 385, column 2.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “caturthá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 249