๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ
Prakrit
| [a], [b], [c], [d], [e], [f], [g], [h] โ 3 | ๐ช 4 |
5 โ |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: ๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ธ๐ญ๐ (cattฤro), ๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ธ๐ญ๐บ (cattฤri), ๐๐๐ญ๐ (caรผro) Ordinal: ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (caรผttha), ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (cลttha), ๐๐๐๐๐ (caรผแนญแนญha), ๐ข๐ผ๐ญ๐บ๐ (turia), ๐๐ค๐ผ๐ข๐๐ฃ (caduttha) | ||
Alternative forms
- ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (cลttha) โ Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ
- ๐๐ค๐ผ๐ข๐๐ฃ (caduttha) โ ลaurasenฤซ, Mฤgadhฤซ
- ๐๐ค๐ผ๐๐๐ (caduแนญแนญha) โ ลaurasenฤซ
- ๐๐๐๐๐ (caรผแนญแนญha) โ Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ, Jain Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ, Ardhamฤgadhฤซ
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kสทetwรณres
Proto-Indo-European *kสทetwrฬฅ-thโรณ-s
Sanskrit เคเฅเคคเฅเฅเคฐเฅเคฅ (caturthรก)
Prakrit ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ
Inherited from Sanskrit เคเฅเคคเฅเฅเคฐเฅเคฅ (caturthรก), from Proto-Indo-European *kสทetwrฬฅ-thโรณ-s (โfourthโ), from *kสทetwรณres. Cognate with Pali catuttha.
Adjective
๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (caรผttha) (Devanagari เคเคเคคเฅเคฅ, Gujarati เชเชเชคเซเชฅ, Kannada เฒเฒเฒคเณเฒฅ) (attested in Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ, Jain Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ, Ardhamฤgadhฤซ) (ordinal number)
Declension
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผttho) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthaแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthe) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ก (caรผttheแนa) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐ (caรผttheแนaแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ณ๐บ (caรผtthehi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (caรผtthehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤo) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤu) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (caรผtthฤhi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (caรผtthฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (caรผtthassa) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ก (caรผtthฤแนa) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ก๐ (caรผtthฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (caรผtthammi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthe) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (caรผtthesu) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (caรผtthesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (caรผttha) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (caรผtthฤซ) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซo) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (caรผtthฤซ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐บ๐ (caรผtthiแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซo) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (caรผtthฤซ) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซe) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ณ๐บ (caรผtthฤซhi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ณ๐บ๐ (caรผtthฤซhiแน) |
| Dative | โ | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซo) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (caรผtthฤซhiแนto) |
| Genitive | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซe) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ก (caรผtthฤซแนa) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ก๐ (caรผtthฤซแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซe) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ฒ๐ผ (caรผtthฤซsu) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (caรผtthฤซsuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐บ (caรผtthi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (caรผtthฤซ) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซo) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (caรผtthฤซ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthaแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐๐ (caรผtthฤiแน) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤi) |
| Accusative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthaแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐๐ (caรผtthฤiแน) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤi) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ก (caรผttheแนa) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐ (caรผttheแนaแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ณ๐บ (caรผtthehi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (caรผtthehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤo) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤu) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (caรผtthฤhi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (caรผtthฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (caรผtthassa) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ก (caรผtthฤแนa) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ก๐ (caรผtthฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (caรผtthammi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthe) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (caรผtthesu) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (caรผtthesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (caรผttha) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐๐ (caรผtthฤiแน) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤi) |
Descendants
Inherited
- Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: เคเฅเคฅเคพ (cauthฤ)
- Urdu: ฺูุชฺพุง (cothฤ)
- Hindustani:
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
- Assamese: เฆเงเฆฅเฆพ (southa), เฆโเฆฅเฆพ (sรถtha)
- Bengali-Assamese:
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabic:
- Old Punjabi: เจเจเจฅเจพ (cauthฤ)
- Punjabi: cauthฤ
- Gurmukhi script: เจเฉเจฅเจพ
- Shahmukhi script: ฺููุชฺพุง
- Punjabi: cauthฤ
- Old Punjabi: เจเจเจฅเจพ (cauthฤ)
- Punjabic:
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Konkani: เคเคตเคฅเฅเค (cavthแบฝ)
- Old Marathi: เคเคเคฅ / ๐๐๐ (caรผtha), เคเฅเคฅ / ๐๐ผ๐ (cautha), โ เคเฅเคคเฅเคฐ / ๐๐ผ๐๐ฟ๐จ (cautra)
- Marathi: เคเฅเคฅเฅ (cauthe)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
- Old Gujarati: เคเคเคฅเคเค (cauthaลฉ)
- Gujarati: เชเซเชฅเซเช (cothลฉ)
- Old Gujarati: เคเคเคฅเคเค (cauthaลฉ)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
- Bengali: เฆเงเฆ เฆพ (cลuแนญha)
- Bengali-Assamese:
Further reading
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923โ1928), โเคเคโ, in เคชเคพเคเค -เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแนแนavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
- Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957), Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 323
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakritโ, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 177.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ1985), โcaturthรกโ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 249