कृष्
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- कर्ष् (karṣ)
- कष् (kaṣ)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- কৃষ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬺᬱ᭄ (Balinese script)
- কৃষ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰴𑰬𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀾𑀱𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ကၖၑ် (Burmese script)
- કૃષ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਕ੍ਰਸ਼੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍃𑌷𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦽꦰ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑃂𑂭𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಕೃಷ್ (Kannada script)
- ក្ឫឞ៑ (Khmer script)
- ກ຺ຣິຩ຺ (Lao script)
- കൃഷ് (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᡵᡳᢢ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘵𑘬𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠷᠢᢔ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧖𑧌𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐺𑐲𑑂 (Newa script)
- କୃଷ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢺꢰ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆸𑆰𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖴𑖬𑖿 (Siddham script)
- කෘෂ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩙𑪀 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
- க்ரிஷ் (Tamil script)
- కృష్ (Telugu script)
- กฺฤษฺ (Thai script)
- ཀྲྀ་ཥ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒵𑒭𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨼𑨉𑨯𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *karṣ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *karš-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷels- (“to pull, drag, turn”).[1] Compare Hittite 𒄢𒊭𒀭𒍣 (gul-ša-an-zi /kʷlSantˢi/, “they scratch into”), Ancient Greek τέλσον (télson, “last furrow of the field; headland”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /kr̩ʂ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /kr̩ʂ/
Root
कृष् • (kṛṣ)
- to draw, pull, drag
- to lead or conduct (as an army)
- to bend (a bow)
- to draw into one’s power, become master of, overpower
- to obtain; to take away anything
- to draw or make furrows, plough
- to tear out
- to travel over
- to pull to and fro; to cause pain, torture, torment
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- कर्ष॑ति (kárṣati, present)
- कृ॒षति॑ (kṛṣáti, present)
- क्र॒क्ष्यति॑ (krakṣyáti, future)
- क॒र्क्ष्यति॑ (karkṣyáti, future)
- क्र॒ष्टा (kraṣṭā́, periphrastic future)
- क॒र्ष्टा (karṣṭā́, periphrastic future)
- अका॑र्क्षीत् (ákārkṣīt, aorist)
- अक्रा॑क्षीत् (ákrākṣīt, aorist)
- अकृ॑क्षत् (ákṛkṣat, aorist)
- च॒कर्ष॑ (cakárṣa, perfect)
Secondary forms
- कृ॒ष्यते॑ (kṛṣyáte, passive)
- अक॑र्षि (ákarṣi, passive)
- क॒र्षय॑ति (karṣáyati, causative)
- अची॑कृषत् (ácīkṛṣat, causative)
- चिकृक्षति (cikṛkṣati, desiderative)
- चरीकृष्यते (carīkṛṣyate, intensive)
- चरीकृषीति (carīkṛṣīti, intensive)
- चर्कृ॑षति (cárkṛṣati, intensive)
Non-finite forms
- कृ॒ष्ट (kṛṣṭá, past participle)
- क॒र्षि॒त (karṣitá, past participle)
- क्रष्टु॑म् (kráṣṭum, infinitive)
- कृ॒ष्ट्वा (kṛṣṭvā́, gerund)
Derived nominal forms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कृष् (0 c, 12 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root कृष् (16 c, 0 e)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “KARṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 319
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*karš/*xrah 'to draw, plough'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “कृष्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0306, column 1.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “कृष्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), “kṛṣ, 'drag, plough'”, in The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 023
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “कृष्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 639