कृष्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-Aryan *karṣ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *karš-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷels- (to pull, drag, turn).[1] Compare Hittite 𒄢𒊭𒀭𒍣 (gul-ša-an-zi /⁠kʷlSantˢi⁠/, they scratch into), Ancient Greek τέλσον (télson, last furrow of the field; headland).[2]

    Pronunciation

    Root

    कृष् • (kṛṣ)

    1. to draw, pull, drag
    2. to lead or conduct (as an army)
    3. to bend (a bow)
    4. to draw into one’s power, become master of, overpower
    5. to obtain; to take away anything
    6. to draw or make furrows, plough
    7. to tear out
    8. to travel over
    9. to pull to and fro; to cause pain, torture, torment

    Derived terms

    Primary verbal forms
    • कर्ष॑ति (kárṣati, present)
    • कृ॒षति॑ (kṛṣáti, present)
    • क्र॒क्ष्यति॑ (krakṣyáti, future)
    • क॒र्क्ष्यति॑ (karkṣyáti, future)
    • क्र॒ष्टा (kraṣṭā́, periphrastic future)
    • क॒र्ष्टा (karṣṭā́, periphrastic future)
    • अका॑र्क्षीत् (ákārkṣīt, aorist)
    • अक्रा॑क्षीत् (ákrākṣīt, aorist)
    • अकृ॑क्षत् (ákṛkṣat, aorist)
    • च॒कर्ष॑ (cakárṣa, perfect)
    Secondary forms
    • कृ॒ष्यते॑ (kṛṣyáte, passive)
    • अक॑र्षि (ákarṣi, passive)
    • क॒र्षय॑ति (karṣáyati, causative)
    • अची॑कृषत् (ácīkṛṣat, causative)
    • चिकृक्षति (cikṛkṣati, desiderative)
    • चरीकृष्यते (carīkṛṣyate, intensive)
    • चरीकृषीति (carīkṛṣīti, intensive)
    • चर्कृ॑षति (cárkṛṣati, intensive)
    Non-finite forms
    • कृ॒ष्ट (kṛṣṭá, past participle)
    • क॒र्षि॒त (karṣitá, past participle)
    • क्रष्टु॑म् (kráṣṭum, infinitive)
    • कृ॒ष्ट्वा (kṛṣṭvā́, gerund)
    Derived nominal forms
    • कृष (kṛṣa)
    • कृषक (kṛṣaka)
    • कृषाण (kṛṣāṇa)
    • कृषायु (kṛṣāyu)
    • कृषि (kṛṣi)
    • कृषिक (kṛṣika)
    • कृषी (kṛṣī)
    • कृषीवल (kṛṣīvala)
    • कृष्टि (kṛṣṭi)
    • कर्ष (karṣa)
    • कर्षण (karṣaṇa)
    • कर्षक (karṣaka)
    • कर्षणि (karṣaṇi)
    • कर्षणीय (karṣaṇīya)
    • कर्षित (karṣita)
    • कर्षिण् (karṣiṇ)
    • कर्षू (karṣū́)
    Prefixed root forms
    Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कृष् (0 c, 12 e)
    Terms derived from the Sanskrit root कृष् (16 c, 0 e)

    References

    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “KARṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 319
    2. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*karš/*xrah 'to draw, plough'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241

    Further reading

    • Monier Williams (1899), “कृष्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0306, column 1.
    • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “कृष्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
    • William Dwight Whitney (1885), “kṛṣ, 'drag, plough'”, in The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 023