कूर्म
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कूर्म (kūrma). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘎𑘳𑘨𑘿𑘦 (kurma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuɾ.mə/
- Rhymes: -ə
- Hyphenation: कूर्‧म
Noun
कूर्म • (kūrma) m (formal, rare)
Declension
| Declension of कूर्म (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
कूर्म kūrma | ||
| direct plural |
कूर्म kūrma | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
कूर्म kūrma |
कूर्म kūrma | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
कूर्मा kūrmā |
कूर्मां- kūrmān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
कूर्माला kūrmālā |
कूर्मांना kūrmānnā | |
| ergative | कूर्माने, कूर्मानं kūrmāne, kūrmāna |
कूर्मांनी kūrmānnī | |
| instrumental | कूर्माशी kūrmāśī |
कूर्मांशी kūrmānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
कूर्मात kūrmāt |
कूर्मांत kūrmāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
कूर्मा kūrmā |
कूर्मांनो kūrmānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of कूर्म (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
कूर्माचा kūrmāċā |
कूर्माचे kūrmāċe |
कूर्माची kūrmācī |
कूर्माच्या kūrmācā |
कूर्माचे, कूर्माचं kūrmāċe, kūrmāċa |
कूर्माची kūrmācī |
कूर्माच्या kūrmācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
कूर्मांचा kūrmānċā |
कूर्मांचे kūrmānċe |
कूर्मांची kūrmāñcī |
कूर्मांच्या kūrmāncā |
कूर्मांचे, कूर्मांचं kūrmānċe, kūrmānċa |
कूर्मांची kūrmāñcī |
कूर्मांच्या kūrmāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Proper noun
कूर्म • (kūrma) m
- (Hinduism) the second of the ten avatars of Lord Vishnu
References
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “कूर्म”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “कूर्म”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
- Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “कूर्म”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- কূৰ্ম (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬹᬃᬫ (Balinese script)
- কূর্ম (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰳𑰨𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ကူရ်္မ (Burmese script)
- કૂર્મ (Gujarati script)
- ਕੂਰ੍ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦹꦂꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂴𑂩𑂹𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಕೂರ್ಮ (Kannada script)
- កូម៌ (Khmer script)
- ກູຣ຺ມ (Lao script)
- കൂര്മ (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᡠᡠᡵᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘴𑘨𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠤᠤᠷᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧕𑧈𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
- କୂର୍ମ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢹꢬ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆷𑆫𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖳𑖨𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
- කූර්ම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚱𑚤𑚶𑚢 (Takri script)
- கூர்ம (Tamil script)
- కూర్మ (Telugu script)
- กูรฺม (Thai script)
- ཀཱུ་རྨ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Given the unusual word structure and the semantic domain, probably a substrate loanword. Might be from the same family of words relating to "curved objects" with a ku- prefix as कुम्भ (kumbha, “water pot, pot”); कुण्ड (kuṇḍa) or कुण्डी (kuṇḍī, “water pot, pot”); कुम्बीर (kumbīra, “crocodile”); कश्यप (kaśyapa, “tortoise, turtle”); कुष्माण्ड (kuṣmāṇḍa, “pumpkin”); कूप (kūpa, “well”); कुब्ज (kubja, “humpbacked”); and कलश (kalaśa, “pitcher”). Compare Tamil குட (kuṭa).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /kuːɾ.mɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /kuːɾ.mɐ/
Noun
कू॒र्म • (kūrmá) stem, m
- a tortoise, turtle
- the earth considered as a tortoise swimming on the waters
- a particular figure or intertwining of the fingers (mudra)
- one of the outer winds of the body (causing the closing of the eyes)
- (Hinduism) Vishnu's second incarnation (descent in the form of a tortoise to support the mountain मन्दर (mandara) at the churning of the ocean)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | कू॒र्मः (kūrmáḥ) | कू॒र्मौ (kūrmáu) कू॒र्मा¹ (kūrmā́¹) |
कू॒र्माः (kūrmā́ḥ) कू॒र्मासः॑¹ (kūrmā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | कू॒र्मम् (kūrmám) | कू॒र्मौ (kūrmáu) कू॒र्मा¹ (kūrmā́¹) |
कू॒र्मान् (kūrmā́n) |
| instrumental | कू॒र्मेण॑ (kūrméṇa) | कू॒र्माभ्या॑म् (kūrmā́bhyām) | कू॒र्मैः (kūrmáiḥ) कू॒र्मेभिः॑¹ (kūrmébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | कू॒र्माय॑ (kūrmā́ya) | कू॒र्माभ्या॑म् (kūrmā́bhyām) | कू॒र्मेभ्यः॑ (kūrmébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | कू॒र्मात् (kūrmā́t) | कू॒र्माभ्या॑म् (kūrmā́bhyām) | कू॒र्मेभ्यः॑ (kūrmébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | कू॒र्मस्य॑ (kūrmásya) | कू॒र्मयोः॑ (kūrmáyoḥ) | कू॒र्माणा॑म् (kūrmā́ṇām) |
| locative | कू॒र्मे (kūrmé) | कू॒र्मयोः॑ (kūrmáyoḥ) | कू॒र्मेषु॑ (kūrméṣu) |
| vocative | कूर्म॑ (kū́rma) | कूर्मौ॑ (kū́rmau) कूर्मा॑¹ (kū́rmā¹) |
कूर्माः॑ (kū́rmāḥ) कूर्मा॑सः¹ (kū́rmāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: kumma
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kumma)
- → Kannada: ಕೂರ್ಮ (kūrma)
- Punjabi: ਕੁੰਮਾ (kummā, “a species of sea monster”), ਕੁੰਮਾਂ (kummā̃, “tortoise”)
- ⇒ Punjabi: ਕੱਛੂਕੁੰਮਾ (kacchūkummā, “tortoise”)
- → Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘳𑘨𑘿𑘦 (kurma)
- → Marathi: कूर्म (kūrma)
- → Tamil: கூர்மம் (kūrmam)
- → Telugu: కూర్మము (kūrmamu)
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kūrmá¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 177
- Monier Williams (1899), “कूर्म”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 300, column 2.