कषति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

কষতি (Assamese script)
ᬓᬱᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
কষতি (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰬𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀱𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ကၑတိ (Burmese script)
કષતિ (Gujarati script)
ਕਸ਼ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑌷𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦰꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂭𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಕಷತಿ (Kannada script)
កឞតិ (Khmer script)
ກຩຕິ (Lao script)
കഷതി (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠠᢢᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘬𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᢉᠠᢔᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧌𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐲𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
କଷତି (Odia script)
ꢒꢰꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆰𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖬𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
කෂති (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑪀𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
கஷதி (Tamil script)
కషతి (Telugu script)
กษติ (Thai script)
ཀ་ཥ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒭𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨯𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷels-

Proto-Indo-European *kʷélseti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *káršati

Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárṣati

Sanskrit कर्ष॑ति (kárṣati)

Sanskrit कष॑ति

From कर्ष॑ति (kárṣati),^[1] from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárṣati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káršati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷélseti, from *kʷels- (“to pull, drag”).

Turner compares खस (khasa, “pain”), but does not mention the etymology given above by Mayrhofer.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ́.ʂɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kɐ.ʂɐ.t̪i/

Verb

कष॑ति • (káṣati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, present, root कष्)^[3]

to rub, scratch, scrape
(in the mediopassive) to rub or scratch one's self
(in the mediopassive) to itch
to rub with a touchstone, test, try
to injure, hurt, destroy, kill
to leap

Conjugation

Present: कष॑ति (káṣati), कष॑ते (káṣate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	कष॑ति káṣati	कष॑तः káṣataḥ	कष॑न्ति káṣanti	कष॑ते káṣate	कषे॑ते káṣete	कष॑न्ते káṣante
Second	कष॑सि káṣasi	कष॑थः káṣathaḥ	कष॑थ káṣatha	कष॑से káṣase	कषे॑थे káṣethe	कष॑ध्वे káṣadhve
First	कषा॑मि káṣāmi	कषा॑वः káṣāvaḥ	कषा॑मः / कषा॑मसि¹ káṣāmaḥ / káṣāmasi¹	कषे॑ káṣe	कषा॑वहे káṣāvahe	कषा॑महे káṣāmahe
Imperative
Third	कष॑तु káṣatu	कष॑ताम् káṣatām	कष॑न्तु káṣantu	कष॑ताम् káṣatām	कषे॑ताम् káṣetām	कष॑न्ताम् káṣantām
Second	कष॑ káṣa	कष॑तम् káṣatam	कष॑त káṣata	कष॑स्व káṣasva	कषे॑थाम् káṣethām	कष॑ध्वम् káṣadhvam
First	कषा॑णि káṣāṇi	कषा॑व káṣāva	कषा॑म káṣāma	कषै॑ káṣai	कषा॑वहै káṣāvahai	कषा॑महै káṣāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	कषे॑त् káṣet	कषे॑ताम् káṣetām	कषे॑युः káṣeyuḥ	कषे॑त káṣeta	कषे॑याताम् káṣeyātām	कषे॑रन् káṣeran
Second	कषेः॑ káṣeḥ	कषे॑तम् káṣetam	कषे॑त káṣeta	कषे॑थाः káṣethāḥ	कषे॑याथाम् káṣeyāthām	कषे॑ध्वम् káṣedhvam
First	कषे॑यम् káṣeyam	कषे॑व káṣeva	कषे॑म káṣema	कषे॑य káṣeya	कषे॑वहि káṣevahi	कषे॑महि káṣemahi
Subjunctive
Third	कषा॑त् / कषा॑ति káṣāt / káṣāti	कषा॑तः káṣātaḥ	कषा॑न् káṣān	कषा॑ते / कषा॑तै káṣāte / káṣātai	कषै॑ते káṣaite	कष॑न्त / कषा॑न्तै káṣanta / káṣāntai
Second	कषाः॑ / कषा॑सि káṣāḥ / káṣāsi	कषा॑थः káṣāthaḥ	कषा॑थ káṣātha	कषा॑से / कषा॑सै káṣāse / káṣāsai	कषै॑थे káṣaithe	कषा॑ध्वै káṣādhvai
First	कषा॑णि káṣāṇi	कषा॑व káṣāva	कषा॑म káṣāma	कषै॑ káṣai	कषा॑वहै káṣāvahai	कषा॑महै káṣāmahai
Participles
	कष॑त् káṣat			कष॑माण káṣamāṇa
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अक॑षत् (ákaṣat), अक॑षत (ákaṣata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अक॑षत् ákaṣat	अक॑षताम् ákaṣatām	अक॑षन् ákaṣan	अक॑षत ákaṣata	अक॑षेताम् ákaṣetām	अक॑षन्त ákaṣanta
Second	अक॑षः ákaṣaḥ	अक॑षतम् ákaṣatam	अक॑षत ákaṣata	अक॑षथाः ákaṣathāḥ	अक॑षेथाम् ákaṣethām	अक॑षध्वम् ákaṣadhvam
First	अक॑षम् ákaṣam	अक॑षाव ákaṣāva	अक॑षाम ákaṣāma	अक॑षे ákaṣe	अक॑षावहि ákaṣāvahi	अक॑षामहि ákaṣāmahi

Descendants

Dardic:
- Khowar: کھݰیک (khaṣík)
Prakrit: 𑀓𑀲𑀇 (kasaï) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “KAṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 331
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kaṣati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 151
^ Monier Williams (1899), “कषति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 265.

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “KAṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 331

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kaṣati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 151

[3] Monier Williams (1899), “कषति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 265.

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