उपसर्ग
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit उपसर्ग (upasarga).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ʊp.səɾɡ/, [ʊp.sɐɾɡ]
Noun
उपसर्ग • (upsarg) m (Urdu spelling اپسرگ)
- (grammar, linguistic morphology) prefix
- Antonym: प्रत्यय (pratyay)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | उपसर्ग upsarg |
उपसर्ग upsarg |
| oblique | उपसर्ग upsarg |
उपसर्गों upsargõ |
| vocative | उपसर्ग upsarg |
उपसर्गो upsargo |
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit उपसर्ग (upasarga).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /up.səɾ.ɡə/
Noun
- (grammar, linguistic morphology) prefix
- Antonym: प्रत्यय (pratyay)
- (literary) an evil portent; an ominous sign or prodigy; something believed to foretell misfortune.
- (literary, rare) trouble; distress; oppression; harassment or annoyance.
Declension
| Declension of उपसर्ग (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
उपसर्ग upsarga | ||
| direct plural |
उपसर्ग upsarga | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
उपसर्ग upsarga |
उपसर्ग upsarga | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
उपसर्गा upsargā |
उपसर्गां- upsargān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
उपसर्गाला upsargālā |
उपसर्गांना upsargānnā | |
| ergative | उपसर्गाने, उपसर्गानं upsargāne, upsargāna |
उपसर्गांनी upsargānnī | |
| instrumental | उपसर्गाशी upsargāśī |
उपसर्गांशी upsargānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
उपसर्गात upsargāt |
उपसर्गांत upsargāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
उपसर्गा upsargā |
उपसर्गांनो upsargānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of उपसर्ग (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
उपसर्गाचा upsargāċā |
उपसर्गाचे upsargāċe |
उपसर्गाची upsargācī |
उपसर्गाच्या upsargācā |
उपसर्गाचे, उपसर्गाचं upsargāċe, upsargāċa |
उपसर्गाची upsargācī |
उपसर्गाच्या upsargācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
उपसर्गांचा upsargānċā |
उपसर्गांचे upsargānċe |
उपसर्गांची upsargāñcī |
उपसर्गांच्या upsargāncā |
उपसर्गांचे, उपसर्गांचं upsargānċe, upsargānċa |
उपसर्गांची upsargāñcī |
उपसर्गांच्या upsargāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- ^ Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “उपसर्ग”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- ^ Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “उपसर्ग”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Sanskrit
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /u.pɐ.sɐɾ.ɡɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /u.pɐ.s̪ɐɾ.ɡɐ/
Noun
उपसर्ग • (upasarga) stem, m
- A nipāta (particle) with prepositional and/or adverbial force canonically prefixable to verbs or nouns, of which there are formally twenty or so, and in contrast to gati and cvi prefixes.
- (in relation to the Veda) a separable preverb
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | उपसर्गः (upasargaḥ) | उपसर्गौ (upasargau) उपसर्गा¹ (upasargā¹) |
उपसर्गाः (upasargāḥ) उपसर्गासः¹ (upasargāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | उपसर्गम् (upasargam) | उपसर्गौ (upasargau) उपसर्गा¹ (upasargā¹) |
उपसर्गान् (upasargān) |
| instrumental | उपसर्गेण (upasargeṇa) | उपसर्गाभ्याम् (upasargābhyām) | उपसर्गैः (upasargaiḥ) उपसर्गेभिः¹ (upasargebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | उपसर्गाय (upasargāya) | उपसर्गाभ्याम् (upasargābhyām) | उपसर्गेभ्यः (upasargebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | उपसर्गात् (upasargāt) | उपसर्गाभ्याम् (upasargābhyām) | उपसर्गेभ्यः (upasargebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | उपसर्गस्य (upasargasya) | उपसर्गयोः (upasargayoḥ) | उपसर्गाणाम् (upasargāṇām) |
| locative | उपसर्गे (upasarge) | उपसर्गयोः (upasargayoḥ) | उपसर्गेषु (upasargeṣu) |
| vocative | उपसर्ग (upasarga) | उपसर्गौ (upasargau) उपसर्गा¹ (upasargā¹) |
उपसर्गाः (upasargāḥ) उपसर्गासः¹ (upasargāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- → Old Javanese: upasarga