आर्त
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- আৰ্ত (Assamese script)
- ᬆᬃᬢ (Balinese script)
- আর্ত (Bengali script)
- 𑰁𑰨𑰿𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀆𑀭𑁆𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- အာရ်္တ (Burmese script)
- આર્ત (Gujarati script)
- ਆਰ੍ਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌆𑌰𑍍𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦴꦂꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂄𑂩𑂹𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಆರ್ತ (Kannada script)
- អាត៌ (Khmer script)
- ອາຣ຺ຕ (Lao script)
- ആര്ത (Malayalam script)
- ᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘁𑘨𑘿𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢗᠷᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦡𑧈𑧠𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐁𑐬𑑂𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଆର୍ତ (Odia script)
- ꢃꢬ꣄ꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆄𑆫𑇀𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖁𑖨𑖿𑖝 (Siddham script)
- ආර්ත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚁𑚤𑚶𑚙 (Takri script)
- ஆர்த (Tamil script)
- ఆర్త (Telugu script)
- อารฺต (Thai script)
- ཨཱ་རྟ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒂𑒩𑓂𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɑ́ːɾ.tɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɑːɾ.t̪ɐ/
Etymology 1
From the middle root aorist of Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-.[1]
Verb
आर्त॑ • (ā́rta) third-singular indicative (type A, aorist, root ऋ) (Vedic)
- aorist of ऋ (ṛ, “to move”)
Conjugation
| Aorist: -, आर्त॑ (ā́rta) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | |||||||
| Third | - | - | - | आर्त॑ ā́rta |
आरा॑ताम् ā́rātām |
आर॑त ā́rata | |
| Second | - | - | - | आर्थाः॑ ā́rthāḥ |
आरा॑थाम् ā́rāthām |
आर्ध्व॑म् ā́rdhvam | |
| First | - | - | - | आरि॑ ā́ri |
आर्व॑हि ā́rvahi |
आर्म॑हि ā́rmahi | |
| Injunctive | |||||||
| Third | - | - | - | अ॒र्त artá |
अ॒राता॑म् arā́tām |
अ॒रन्त॑ aránta | |
| Second | - | - | - | अ॒र्थाः arthā́ḥ |
अ॒राथा॑म् arā́thām |
अ॒र्ध्वम् ardhvám | |
| First | - | - | - | अ॒रि arí |
अ॒र्वहि॑ arváhi |
अ॒र्महि॑ armáhi | |
| Subjunctive | |||||||
| Third | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Second | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| First | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Notes |
| ||||||
Etymology 2
Etymology tree
Uncertain. Perhaps from one of or a conflation of the following sources:
- From *आ-ऋत्त (*ā-ṛtta) (see the attested variant आर्त्त (ārtta)), from आ- (ā-) + अर्द् (ard, “dissolve; vex”, root) + -त (-ta). This is semantically reasonable but phonologically irregular.[2][3]
- From *आ-ऋत (*ā-ṛta), from आ- (ā-) + ऋ (ṛ, “go, move”, root) + -त (-ta); the root ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-. Compare Vedic Sanskrit आ ऋण्वति (ā ṛṇvati, “to insert; to bring”), with the same root and preverb.[4] Note that ऋ॒त (ṛtá) also has a meaning "afflicted" attested, although this is later than its usual meaning of "proper".
By surface analysis, from the root आर् (ār) + -त (-ta).
Participle
आर्त॑ • (ā́rta) past passive participle (root आर्)
- past participle of आर् (ār)
Adjective
आर्त॑ • (ā́rta) stem
Descendants
In the sense "contained", which is unattested but perhaps reflects the latter etymology.[5]
References
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃er-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 299
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ā́rta¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 60
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “ARD”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 117
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956), “ā́rtaḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 78
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “*aṭṭ¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 10