ऋत
See also: ऋतु
Hindi
Etymology
From Sanskrit ऋत (ṛta).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ɾɪt̪/
Noun
ऋत • (ŕt) m
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “ऋत”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 663
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “ऋत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 139
- Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “ऋत”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 100
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ঋত (Assamese script)
- ᬋᬢ (Balinese script)
- ঋত (Bengali script)
- 𑰆𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀋𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ၒတ (Burmese script)
- ઋત (Gujarati script)
- ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌋𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦉꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂱𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಋತ (Kannada script)
- ឫត (Khmer script)
- ຣິຕ (Lao script)
- ഋത (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘆𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦦𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐆𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଋତ (Odia script)
- ꢈꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆉𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖆𑖝 (Siddham script)
- ඍත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙 (Takri script)
- ரித (Tamil script)
- ఋత (Telugu script)
- ฤต (Thai script)
- རྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒇𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás (“truth”) (whence Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “truth”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tós, from *h₂er- (“to fit; fix; put together”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /r̩.tɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /r̩.t̪ɐ/
Adjective
ऋ॒त • (ṛtá) stem
- met with, afflicted by (+instrumental)
- proper, right, fit, apt, suitable, able, brave, honest
- true
- worshipped, respected
- enlightened, luminous
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ऋ॒तः (ṛtáḥ) | ऋ॒तौ (ṛtáu) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
ऋ॒ताः (ṛtā́ḥ) ऋ॒तासः॑¹ (ṛtā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám) | ऋ॒तौ (ṛtáu) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
ऋ॒तान् (ṛtā́n) |
| instrumental | ऋ॒तेन॑ (ṛténa) | ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒तैः (ṛtáiḥ) ऋ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ऋ॒ताय॑ (ṛtā́ya) | ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ऋ॒तात् (ṛtā́t) | ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ऋ॒तस्य॑ (ṛtásya) | ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋ॒ताना॑म् (ṛtā́nām) |
| locative | ऋ॒ते (ṛté) | ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋ॒तेषु॑ (ṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | ऋत॑ (ṛ́ta) | ऋतौ॑ (ṛ́tau) ऋता॑¹ (ṛ́tā¹) |
ऋताः॑ (ṛ́tāḥ) ऋता॑सः¹ (ṛ́tāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ऋ॒ता (ṛtā́) | ऋ॒ते (ṛté) | ऋ॒ताः (ṛtā́ḥ) |
| accusative | ऋ॒ताम् (ṛtā́m) | ऋ॒ते (ṛté) | ऋ॒ताः (ṛtā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | ऋ॒तया॑ (ṛtáyā) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒ताभिः॑ (ṛtā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | ऋ॒तायै॑ (ṛtā́yai) | ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒ताभ्यः॑ (ṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ऋ॒तायाः॑ (ṛtā́yāḥ) ऋ॒तायै॑² (ṛtā́yai²) |
ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒ताभ्यः॑ (ṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ऋ॒तायाः॑ (ṛtā́yāḥ) ऋ॒तायै॑² (ṛtā́yai²) |
ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋ॒ताना॑म् (ṛtā́nām) |
| locative | ऋ॒ताया॑म् (ṛtā́yām) | ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋ॒तासु॑ (ṛtā́su) |
| vocative | ऋते॑ (ṛ́te) | ऋते॑ (ṛ́te) | ऋताः॑ (ṛ́tāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám) | ऋ॒ते (ṛté) | ऋ॒तानि॑ (ṛtā́ni) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
| accusative | ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám) | ऋ॒ते (ṛté) | ऋ॒तानि॑ (ṛtā́ni) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
| instrumental | ऋ॒तेन॑ (ṛténa) | ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒तैः (ṛtáiḥ) ऋ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ऋ॒ताय॑ (ṛtā́ya) | ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ऋ॒तात् (ṛtā́t) | ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ऋ॒तस्य॑ (ṛtásya) | ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋ॒ताना॑म् (ṛtā́nām) |
| locative | ऋ॒ते (ṛté) | ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋ॒तेषु॑ (ṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | ऋत॑ (ṛ́ta) | ऋते॑ (ṛ́te) | ऋता॑नि (ṛ́tāni) ऋता॑¹ (ṛ́tā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Proper noun
ऋत • (ṛtá) m
Noun
ऋ॒त • (ṛtá) stem, n
- fixed or settled order, law, rule (especially in religion)
- sacred or pious action or custom, divine law, faith, divine truth
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.11:
- दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीर्ऋ॒तेन॑।
बृह॒स्पति॒र्या अवि॑न्द॒न्निगू॑ळ्हाः॒ सोमो॒ ग्रावा॑ण॒ ऋष॑यश्च॒ विप्राः॑॥- dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́rṛténa.
bṛ́haspátiryā́ ávindannígūḷhāḥ sómo grā́vāṇa ṛ́ṣayaśca víprāḥ. - Hence, far away, ye Panis! Let the cattle lowing come forth as holy Law commandeth,
Kine which Brihaspati, and Soma, Ṛsis, sages, and pressing-stones have found when hidden.
- dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́rṛténa.
- दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीर्ऋ॒तेन॑।
- truth in general, righteousness, right
- figuratively said of gleaning (as the right means of a Brahman's obtaining a livelihood as opposed to agriculture, which is अनृत (anṛta))
- promise, oath, vow
- truth personified (as an object of worship, and hence enumerated among the sacred objects in the Nir.)
- water
- sacrifice
- a particular sacrifice
- sun
- wealth
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám) | ऋ॒ते (ṛté) | ऋ॒तानि॑ (ṛtā́ni) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
| accusative | ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám) | ऋ॒ते (ṛté) | ऋ॒तानि॑ (ṛtā́ni) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹) |
| instrumental | ऋ॒तेन॑ (ṛténa) | ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒तैः (ṛtáiḥ) ऋ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | ऋ॒ताय॑ (ṛtā́ya) | ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ऋ॒तात् (ṛtā́t) | ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām) | ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ऋ॒तस्य॑ (ṛtásya) | ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋ॒ताना॑म् (ṛtā́nām) |
| locative | ऋ॒ते (ṛté) | ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ) | ऋ॒तेषु॑ (ṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | ऋत॑ (ṛ́ta) | ऋते॑ (ṛ́te) | ऋता॑नि (ṛ́tāni) ऋता॑¹ (ṛ́tā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Adverb
ऋ॒त • (ṛtá)
- right, duly, properly, expressly, very
- right, duly, properly, regularly, lawfully, according to usage or right
- truly, sincerely, indeed
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: رُت (rut)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “Ṛitá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 223, column 2.