आत्मन्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts
  • আত্মন্ (Assamese script)
  • ᬆᬢ᭄ᬫᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
  • আত্মন্ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰁𑰝𑰿𑰦𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀆𑀢𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
  • အာတ္မန် (Burmese script)
  • આત્મન્ (Gujarati script)
  • ਆਤ੍ਮਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌆𑌤𑍍𑌮𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
  • ꦄꦴꦠ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂄𑂞𑂹𑂧𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
  • ಆತ್ಮೝ (Kannada script)
  • អាត្មន៑ (Khmer script)
  • ອາຕ຺ມນ຺ (Lao script)
  • ആത്മന് (Malayalam script)
  • ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᠮᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘁𑘝𑘿𑘦𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
  • ᠠᢗᢐᠮᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦡𑦽𑧠𑧆𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐁𑐟𑑂𑐩𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
  • ଆତ୍ମନ୍ (Odia script)
  • ꢃꢡ꣄ꢪꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆄𑆠𑇀𑆩𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖁𑖝𑖿𑖦𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
  • ආත‍්මන් (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩐𑩛𑩫 𑪙𑩴𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚁𑚙𑚶𑚢𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
  • ஆத்மந் (Tamil script)
  • ఆత్మౝ (Telugu script)
  • อาตฺมนฺ (Thai script)
  • ཨཱ་ཏྨ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒂𑒞𑓂𑒧𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨀𑨊𑨙𑩇𑨢𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁t-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁tmō
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā
Sanskrit आत्मन्

    From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) +‎ *-mō.[1] Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ēþmô (“breath”), Proto-Tocharian *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    आ॒त्मन् • (ātmán) stem, m

    1. breath (RV.)
    2. soul, life (RV., AV., etc.)
    3. self, ego
    4. nature, character
    5. a person as a whole, as opposed to their parts (VS., ŚBr.)
    6. body
    7. mind, understanding
    8. the world-soul
    9. effort (L.)
    10. firmness (L.)
    11. sun (L.)
    12. fire (L.)
    13. son (L.)

    Declension

    Masculine an-stem declension of आ॒त्मन्
    singular dual plural
    nominative आ॒त्मा (ātmā́) आ॒त्मानौ॑ (ātmā́nau)
    आ॒त्माना॑¹ (ātmā́nā¹)     		आ॒त्मानः॑ (ātmā́naḥ)
    accusative आ॒त्मान॑म् (ātmā́nam) आ॒त्मानौ॑ (ātmā́nau)
    आ॒त्माना॑¹ (ātmā́nā¹)     		आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ)
    instrumental आ॒त्मना॑ (ātmánā) आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām) आ॒त्मभिः॑ (ātmábhiḥ)
    dative आ॒त्मने॑ (ātmáne) आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām) आ॒त्मभ्यः॑ (ātmábhyaḥ)
    ablative आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ) आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām) आ॒त्मभ्यः॑ (ātmábhyaḥ)
    genitive आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ) आ॒त्मनोः॑ (ātmánoḥ) आ॒त्मना॑म् (ātmánām)
    locative आ॒त्मनि॑ (ātmáni)
    आ॒त्मन्¹ (ātmán¹)     		आ॒त्मनोः॑ (ātmánoḥ) आ॒त्मसु॑ (ātmásu)
    vocative आत्म॑न् (ā́tman) आत्मा॑नौ (ā́tmānau)
    आत्मा॑ना¹ (ā́tmānā¹)     		आत्मा॑नः (ā́tmānaḥ)
    • ¹Vedic

    Derived terms

    Pronoun

    आत्मन् • (ātmán)

    1. (reflexive pronoun) a person in the predicate who is also the subject of the sentence

    Declension

    Masculine an-stem declension of आ॒त्मन्
    singular dual plural
    nominative आ॒त्मा (ātmā́) आ॒त्मानौ॑ (ātmā́nau)
    आ॒त्माना॑¹ (ātmā́nā¹)     		आ॒त्मानः॑ (ātmā́naḥ)
    accusative आ॒त्मान॑म् (ātmā́nam) आ॒त्मानौ॑ (ātmā́nau)
    आ॒त्माना॑¹ (ātmā́nā¹)     		आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ)
    instrumental आ॒त्मना॑ (ātmánā) आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām) आ॒त्मभिः॑ (ātmábhiḥ)
    dative आ॒त्मने॑ (ātmáne) आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām) आ॒त्मभ्यः॑ (ātmábhyaḥ)
    ablative आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ) आ॒त्मभ्या॑म् (ātmábhyām) आ॒त्मभ्यः॑ (ātmábhyaḥ)
    genitive आ॒त्मनः॑ (ātmánaḥ) आ॒त्मनोः॑ (ātmánoḥ) आ॒त्मना॑म् (ātmánām)
    locative आ॒त्मनि॑ (ātmáni)
    आ॒त्मन्¹ (ātmán¹)     		आ॒त्मनोः॑ (ātmánoḥ) आ॒त्मसु॑ (ātmásu)
    vocative आत्म॑न् (ā́tman) आत्मा॑नौ (ā́tmānau)
    आत्मा॑ना¹ (ā́tmānā¹)     		आत्मा॑नः (ā́tmānaḥ)
    • ¹Vedic

    See also

    Descendants

    • Dardic:
      • Domaaki: [script needed] (āpne)
      • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (amā̃)
      • Kashmiri:
        • Sharada script: 𑆥𑆳𑆤 (pāna)
        • Devanagari script: पान (pān)
        • Arabic script: پان (pān)
      • Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (toma)
      • Shina: [script needed] (tomu)
      • Torwali: [script needed] (pāe, “he”)
    • Pali: attan, tuma
    • Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta), 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧 (appa), 𑀆𑀢 (āta), 𑀆𑀤 (āda), 𑀆𑀬 (āya) (see there for further descendants)

    Borrowed terms:

    References

    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “ātmán-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 164

    Further reading

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