अयस्
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अयस् (ayas).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /ə.jəs/, [ɐ.jɐs]
Noun
अयस् • (ayas) m (Urdu spelling ایس) (rare)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | अयस् ayas |
अयस् ayas |
| oblique | अयस् ayas |
अयसों ayasõ |
| vocative | अयस् ayas |
अयसो ayaso |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- অয়স্ (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬬᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
- অয়স্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰧𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀬𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- အယသ် (Burmese script)
- અયસ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਯਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌯𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦪꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂨𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಅಯಸ್ (Kannada script)
- អយស៑ (Khmer script)
- ອຍສ຺ (Lao script)
- അയസ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᠶᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘧𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑧇𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐫𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଅଯସ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢫꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆪𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖧𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
- අයස් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩻𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚣𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
- அயஸ் (Tamil script)
- అయస్ (Telugu script)
- อยสฺ (Thai script)
- ཨ་ཡ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒨𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨪𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háyas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyos (“metal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah) Latin aes, Old English ār (whence English ore).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ́.jɐs/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐ.jɐs̪/
Noun
अय॑स् • (áyas) stem, n
- metal; copper
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.47.10:
- इन्द्र॑ मृ॒ळ मह्यं॑ जी॒वातु॑मिच्छ चो॒दय॒ धिय॒म्अय॑सो॒ न धारा॑म्।
यत्किं चा॒हं त्वा॒युरि॒दं वदा॑मि॒ तज्जु॑षस्व कृ॒धि मा॑ दे॒वव॑न्तम्॥- índra mṛḷá máhyaṃ jīvā́tumiccha codáya dhíyamáyaso ná dhā́rām.
yátkíṃ cāháṃ tvāyúridáṃ vádāmi tájjuṣasva kṛdhí mā devávantam. - Be gracious, Indra, let my days be lengthened: sharpen my thought as it were a blade of copper[1]
Approve whatever words I speak, dependent on you, and grant me your divine protection.
- índra mṛḷá máhyaṃ jīvā́tumiccha codáya dhíyamáyaso ná dhā́rām.
- इन्द्र॑ मृ॒ळ मह्यं॑ जी॒वातु॑मिच्छ चो॒दय॒ धिय॒म्अय॑सो॒ न धारा॑म्।
- iron ŚBr.[2] R.
- iron weapon
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अयः॑ (áyaḥ) | अय॑सी (áyasī) | अयां॑सि (áyāṃsi) |
| accusative | अयः॑ (áyaḥ) | अय॑सी (áyasī) | अयां॑सि (áyāṃsi) |
| instrumental | अय॑सा (áyasā) | अयो॑भ्याम् (áyobhyām) | अयो॑भिः (áyobhiḥ) |
| dative | अय॑से (áyase) | अयो॑भ्याम् (áyobhyām) | अयो॑भ्यः (áyobhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अय॑सः (áyasaḥ) | अयो॑भ्याम् (áyobhyām) | अयो॑भ्यः (áyobhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अय॑सः (áyasaḥ) | अय॑सोः (áyasoḥ) | अय॑साम् (áyasām) |
| locative | अय॑सि (áyasi) | अय॑सोः (áyasoḥ) | अयः॑सु (áyaḥsu) |
| vocative | अयः॑ (áyaḥ) | अय॑सी (áyasī) | अयां॑सि (áyāṃsi) |
Derived terms
- अयस्मय (ayasmáya)
- आयस (āyasá)
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “अयस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 85, column 1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “áyas-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 104
- ^ Jamison, Stephanie W., Brereton, Joel P., transl. (2014), The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India, volume I-II, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 836
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “áyas-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University