شیر

See also: شێر, سیر, سير, ـسز, and شير

Baluchi

Noun

شیر • (šír)

milk

Burushaski

Etymology

From Classical Persian (šēr)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃeːɾ/, [ʃeːɾ]

Noun

شیر (transliteration needed) (plural شیرشݸ)

lion

References

Sadaf Munshi (2015), “Word Lists”, in Burushaski Language Documentation Project‎^[1].

Central Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *xšiHrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám. Cognate with Persian (šir).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃiːɾ/

Noun

شیر (şîr)

milk

Derived terms

شیربا (şîrba)
شیربرا (şîrbra)
شیربرنج (şîrbrinc)
شیرتێن (şîrtên)
شیرخوشک (şîrxuşk)
شیردەر (şîrder)
شیرمژ (şîrmij)
شیرپاک (şîrpak)
شیرپاڵێو (şîrpallêw)
شیری (şîrî)
شیرین (şîrîn)
شیرە (şîre)
شیرەخۆرە (şîrexore)
شیرەوا (şîrewa)

Kashmiri

Etymology

Borrowed from Punjabi شیر (śer).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃeːr/

Noun

شیر • (śēr) m (Devanagari शेर)

tiger
Synonym: سٕہہ (sụhh)

Verb

شیر • (śēr)

imperative singular of شیرُن (śērun, “to fix, repair”)

Khalaj

Noun

شیر (şîr) (definite accusative شیری, plural شیرلَر)

Arabic spelling of şîr (“lion”)

Declension

Declension of
	singular	plural
nominative	شیر	شیرلَر
genitive	شیرۆݧ	شیرلَریݧ
dative	شیرکه	شیرلَرکه
definite accusative	شیرۆ	شیرلَری
locative	شیرچه	شیرلَرچه
ablative	شیرده	شیرلَرده
instrumental	شیرله	شیرلَرله
equative	شیرواره	شیرلَرواره

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫃𐫡 (šgr /⁠šagr, šēr⁠/, “lion; (astronomy) Leo”).

Etymology 1 sense 2 is from the fact that the first taps in Iran looked like lion heads.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʃeːr/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃeɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	šēr
Dari reading^?	šēr
Iranian reading^?	šir
Tajik reading^?	šer

Audio (Dari): (file)
Rhymes: -iːr (Iran), -eːr (elsewhere)

Noun

شیر • (šēr / šir) (plural شیرها (šēr-hā / šir-hâ), or شیران (šērān / širân), Tajik spelling шер)

lion
Synonyms: ارسلان (arsalān / arsalân), اسد (asad), هژبر (hižabr / hežabr)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 751:
  چون رسد آن جا ببیند گرگ و شیر
  عمر ضایع راه دور و روز دیر
  čūn rasad ān-jā bibīnad gurg u šēr
  umr-i zāyi' rāh-i dūr u rōz-i dēr
  When he reaches the spot, he sees wolves and lions,
  his life lost, the road far off, and the day late.
  (Classical Persian transliteration)
faucet, tap
(Indo-Persian) tiger (sometimes also applied to the leopard)

Derived terms

توله‌شیر (tōla-šēr / tule-šir, “lion cub”)
شیر دریایی (šēr-i dariyāyī / šir-e dariyâyi, “sea lion”)
شیر شدن (šēr šudan / šir šodan, “summon up the courage”)
شیر و خورشید (šēr u xwaršēd / šir o xoršid, “Lion and Sun”)
شیر کردن (šēr kardan / šir kardan, “to incite, provoke”)
شیر کوهی (šēr-i kōhī / šir-e kuhi, “puma”)
شیر یا خط (šēr yā xatt / šir yâ xatt, “heads or tails”)
شیرافکن (šēr-afkan / šir-afkan, “lion-slayer”)
شیراوژن (šēr-awžan / šir-owžan, “lion-slayer”)
شیردال (šēr-dāl / šir-dâl, “griffin”)
شیردل (šēr-dil / šir-del, “lionheart”)
شیرزن (šērzan / širzan, “lioness, heroine”)
شیرشاه (šēr-šāh / šir-šâh, “Lion King”)
شیرفش (šērfaš / širfaš, “lionlike, leonine”)
شیرماهی (šēr-māhī / šir-mâhi, “Spanish mackerel”)
شیرمرد (šērmard / širmard, “hero, gallant”)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: şir
→ Bengali: শের (śer)
→ Gilaki: شیر (šīr)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: शेर (śer)

Urdu: شیر (šer)
→ Khalaj: şîr
→ Ottoman Turkish: شیر (şîr)
- Turkish: şir
→ Uzbek: sher

Proper noun

شیر • (šēr / šir) (Tajik spelling Шер)

(astronomy) Leo
Synonym: اسد (asad)

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “šagr, šēr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, pages 78–79

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HLḆA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl), 𐫢𐫏𐫏𐫡 (šyyr /⁠šīr⁠/, “milk”), from Proto-Iranian *xšiHrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʃiːr/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃiɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	šīr
Dari reading^?	šīr
Iranian reading^?	šir
Tajik reading^?	šir

Audio (Dari): (file)
Rhymes: -iːr

Noun

شیر • (šīr / šir) (Tajik spelling шир)

milk
― kamē šīr izāfa kun / kami šir ezâfe kon ― Add a little milk.

Inflection

Possessive forms of **شیر**
	singular	plural
1^st person (“my, our”)	شیرم (širam)	شیرمان (širemân, širemun^△)
2^nd person (“your”)	شیرت (širat, širet^△)	شیرتان (širetân, širetun^△)
3^rd person (“his, her, its, their”)	شیرش (širaš, šireš^△)	شیرشان (širešân, širešun^△)

^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

شیربا (šīrbā / širbâ)
همشیره (hamšīra / hamšire)

Descendants

→ Hindustani:
Hindi: शीर (śīr)

Urdu: شیر (šīr)

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “šīr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 90

Southeast Pashayi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂der.?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os ~ ḱŕ̥h₂-es-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has

Sanskrit शिर॑स् (śíras)

Southeast Pashayi

Inherited from Sanskrit शिर॑स् (śíras), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os ~ ḱŕ̥h₂-es-, from *ḱerh₂-, possibly from *ḱer- or *-h₂.

Noun

شِیر (šīr)

head

References

Yun, Ju-Hong (2005), Sohrab and Pashai Language Committee, editor, Pashai simple word list and texts with English and Pashto‎^[2], Jalalabad, page 13

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian (šēr).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃeːɾ/

Noun

شیر • (śer) m (Hindi spelling शेर)

lion
Synonyms: سِن٘گھ (siṅgh), بَبَّر شیر (babbar śer)
tiger
Synonym: باگھ (bāgh)

Declension

Declension of **شیر**
	singular	plural
direct	شیر (śer)	شیر (śer)
oblique	شیر (śer)	شیروں (śerõ)
vocative	شیر (śer)	شیرو (śero)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian (šīr).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃiːɾ/

Noun

شِیر • (śīr) m (Hindi spelling शीर)

milk
Synonym: دُودھ (dūdh)