بغداد
Arabic
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian بَغْدَاد (baġdād), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭢𐭣𐭲 (bgdt /bag-dād/), from Old Persian *Bagadātah, from Proto-Iranian *BágadaHtah, from *bagáh + *daHtáh.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /baɣ.daːd/
Proper noun
بَغْدَاد • (baḡdād) f
- Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
- Alternative forms: (obsolete) بَغْذَاذ (baḡḏāḏ), (obsolete) بَغْدَان (baḡdān), (obsolete) بَغْدِين (baḡdīn), (obsolete) مَغْدَان (maḡdān)
- Synonyms: مُزَوَّرَة (muzawwara), (obsolete) مَدِينَة السَّلَام (madīnat as-salām)
- Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)
Declension
| singular | basic singular diptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | — | بَغْدَاد baḡdād |
— |
| nominative | — | بَغْدَادُ baḡdādu |
— |
| accusative | — | بَغْدَادَ baḡdāda |
— |
| genitive | — | بَغْدَادَ baḡdāda |
— |
Derived terms
- بَغْدَادِيّ (baḡdādiyy, “Baghdadi”)
References
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “بغداد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
From Classical Persian بغداد (Baġdād), q.v.
Proper noun
بغداد • (Bağdad)
- Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Derived terms
- بغداد چبانی (Bağdad çıbanı, “Baghdad boil”)
Descendants
- Turkish: Bağdat
References
- Mallouf, Nassif (1856), “Babylone ou Baghdad”, in Dictionnaire français-turc, 2nd edition, Paris: Maisonneuve, page 49
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “بغداد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 372
- Sezen, Tahir (2017), “Bağdad”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names][2], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 78
Pashto
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian بَغْدَاد (baġdād).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /baɣ.dɑd/
Proper noun
بغداد • (baǧdād)
- Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Persian
Etymology
Most scholars accept a derivation from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭢𐭣𐭲 (bgdt /bag-dād/, “given by god”), from Old Persian *Bagadātah; compare Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬕𐬋-𐬛𐬁𐬙𐬀 (baġō-dāta), Proto-Slavic *Bogъdanъ and Polish Bogdan. Other origins have been suggested, and if the place name can be identified with Akkadian 𒄷𒁕𒁺 (ḫu-da-du; bag-da-du /Ḫudadu; Bagdadu/, literally “location characterized with pits, cavities, crevices, deep trenches, or irrigation canals”), it may be of much older provenance than Old Persian.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /baɣˈdaːd/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [bäɣd̪ɑ́ːd̪]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bæɢd̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bäʁd̪ɔ́d̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | baġdād |
| Dari reading? | baġdād |
| Iranian reading? | baġdâd |
| Tajik reading? | baġdod |
Proper noun
بغداد • (baġdād / baġdâd) (Tajik spelling Бағдод)
- Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
- بغداد بزرگترین شهر عراق و پایتخت این کشور است.
- baġdâd bozorg-tarin šahr-e 'erâq va pâytaxt-e in kešvar ast.
- Baghdad is Iraq's largest city and the capital of the country.
- Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)