Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰagás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-ó-s, from *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide”) +‎ *-os (deverbal suffix). Usually compared with Proto-Slavic *bogъ (“god”) (which used to be considered a borrowing from Indo-Iranian). The connection with Old Armenian բակ (bak) is more problematic.^[1]

Noun

*bʰagás m

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bʰagás	*bʰagā́(w)	*bʰagā́s(as)
vocative	*bʰága	*bʰágā(w)	*bʰágās(as)
accusative	*bʰagám	*bʰagā́(w)	*bʰagā́ns
instrumental	*bʰagáH	*bʰagáybʰyā(m)	*bʰagā́yš
ablative	*bʰagā́t	*bʰagáybʰyā(m)	*bʰagáybʰyas
dative	*bʰagā́y	*bʰagáybʰyā(m)	*bʰagáybʰyas
genitive	*bʰagásya	*bʰagáyās	*bʰagā́naHam
locative	*bʰagáy	*bʰagáyaw	*bʰagáyšu

Derived terms

*bʰagádʰHtás (“given by god”)
- Proto-Iranian: *bágadaHtah (see more)
  - → English: Baghdad
*bʰagásayHnas (“temple”)
- Proto-Iranian: *bágayHnah
  - Sogdian: (/⁠βaγ(a)n⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫄𐫗 (βɣn)
  - Parthian: (/⁠baγin⁠/)
    Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭁𐭂𐭍𐭉 (bgny)
    - → Old Armenian: բագին (bagin)
    - → Old Georgian: ბაგინი (bagini)
  - > Proto-Iranian: *bágayHnapátiš (“the master of temple”)
    - Sogdian: (/⁠βaγnpat(u)⁠/, “sorcerer; priest”)
      Sogdian script: 𐼱𐼲𐼻𐼾𐽂 (βɣnpt), 𐼱𐼲𐼻𐼾𐽂𐼴 (βɣnptw)
      
      Syriac script: ܭܮܢܦܬ (βγnpt), ܭܮܢܦܬܘ (βγnptw)
    - Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫁𐫢𐫗𐫁𐫏𐫅 (bšnbyd /⁠bašnbed⁠/, “master of idol temple”) (> *bagaina > *bažin > *bašn)

Related terms

*bʰaktás

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰagás
- Sanskrit: भग (bhága, “prosperity, well-being, happiness; "dispenser" (epithet of gods); Bhaga (name of a god)”)^[2] (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-Mordvinic: *pavas
  - Erzya: паз (paz, “god”)
  - Moksha: паваз (pavaz, “fortune, felicity, bliss, happiness, luck, idol, god”)
Proto-Iranian: *bagáh (“portion, share, fate; god”)
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa), 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀 (baga, “share, (favourable) lot”)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Sogdo-Bactrian:
    - Bactrian: βαγο (bago /⁠baɣ⁠/)
    - Khwarezmian: اڤغیک (ʾβɣyk /⁠*aβɣīk⁠/, “(lit) little idol, doll, puppet”) (> *bagakáh)
    - Sogdian: (/⁠βaɣ⁠/)
      Sogdian script: 𐼱𐼲 (βɣ)
      Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫄 (βɣ), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)
      Syriac script: ܒܓ (bg), ܒܮ (bɣ)
      - → Early New Persian: ڤغ (ḇaġ)
        Persian: فغ (faġ)
  - →? Proto-Turkic: *bēg (“lord”) (see there for further descendants)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Parthian: (/⁠bag (early) ~ baɣ (late)⁠/)
    Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭋𐭇 (ALḤ)
    Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫃 (bg), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)
    - → Old Armenian: բագ (bag, “portion”)
    - → Classical Persian: بغ (baġ, “idol; lord”)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎲𐎥 (b-g /⁠bagaʰ⁠⁠/, “god”)
    - Middle Persian: (/⁠bag (early) ~ bay (late)⁠/, “lord, (earthly) god; divine”)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ORHYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bg)
      Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏 (by)
      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭡𐭢𐭩 (bgy), 𐭥𐭥𐭧𐭩𐭠 (ORḤYA)
      - → Ancient Greek: Βέοι (Béoi)

References

^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎^[1], number 10, page 99
^ https://archive.org/stream/TheIdeaOfIran/__The_Idea_of_Iran__volume_III__The_Sasanian_Era_djvu.txt

[1] Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎^[1], number 10, page 99

[2] ttps://archive.org/stream/TheIdeaOfIran/__The_Idea_of_Iran__volume_III__The_Sasanian_Era_djvu.txt

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