ӄо

Ket

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Ketic *qoː (“lick”, verb base), derived from Proto-Yeniseian *qo (“mouth, lip”).[1]

Alternatively, analyzable as derived from Ket ӄө (qō, “mouth”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /³qoː/, [qɔː˩˥˧] [Action nominal]
  • IPA(key): /…qo/, […qɔː] [Finite verb]

Verb

ӄоо ~ ӄо (qóò, [l²]-qo⁰) (action nominal, conjugation class I)

  1. licking, the act of licking [Action nominal]
  2. (transitive, atelic) subject licks [Conjugation class I]

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *qaɢʌ (“die”, verb base).[2][3][4]

Etymologically, all of the listed forms below feature the same lexeme utilizing different conjugation paradigms, which is also called a labile operation.[5] The primary semantic shift is seen with the root for the sense 'die' adapting the sense 'kill' in transitive conjugations, which evolved into 'hunt', 'chase', and then 'capture', 'catch' (wild game.)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /³qoː/, [qɔː˩˥˧] [Action nominal]
  • IPA(key): /…qo/, […qɔː] [Finite verb]

Verb 1

ӄо ([l²]-qo⁰) (conjugation I)

  1. (transitive, atelic) subject captures, catches (wild game) [Conjugation class I]

Verb 2

ӄо ([n²]-qo⁰) (conjugation I)

  1. (intransitive, telic) subject dies [Conjugation class I]
  2. (intransitive, telic) subject wilts [Conjugation class I]

Verb 3

ӄоо ~ ӄо (qóò, [s⁴]-[l²]-qo⁰) (action nominal, conjugation I)

  1. hunting, the act of hunting; catching, the act of catching (wild game) [Action nominal]
  2. (intransitive, atelic) subject hunts, chases, kills (wild game) [Conjugation class I]
Usage notes
  • The action nominal ӄоо can be used as a compounding particle next to animals that are hunted to create new action nominal verbs. For example, ассель (“animal, wild game”, noun) can be compounded with ӄоо to yield ассано (“hunting [animals]”, hence, “hunting [in general]”, action nominal). For another example, бъʼн (“[wild] duck”) can be compounded with ӄоо to yield бънно (“hunting wild ducks”).[6][7]

References

  1. ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 670, 671
  2. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=569&root=config
  3. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100%2Fyen%2Fyen&first=1&off=&text_word=die&method_word=equal&sort=number (?)
  4. ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 671-672
  5. ^ Georg, Stefan (2007), A Descriptive Grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak) Part 1: Introduction, Phonology, Morphology, Cromwell: Global Oriental, →ISBN, page 217
  6. ^ Georg, Stefan (2007), A Descriptive Grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak) Part 1: Introduction, Phonology, Morphology, Cromwell: Global Oriental, →ISBN, page 86
  7. ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 670

Further reading

  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 123-124
  • Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, pages 300, 599
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