τύλη

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

τύλος (túlos)

Etymology

Various cognate sets of wide semantic range have been proposed, due to the term's own broad semantics and short form:^[1]

the Balto-Slavic group of Old Prussian tūlan (“many”), Lithuanian tūlas (“several”), tuli̇̀s (“nail on a car, plug”), Russian тыл (tyl, “rear”) (< Proto-Indo-European *tuH-)
the Germanic group of Old Norse þollr (“tree, peg”), English thole, Middle Low German dülle (“booty”), (< Proto-Indo-European *tul-no-s)
alternatively related to Latin tullius (“gush”), Welsh twl (“round elevation”), Albanian tul (“piece of meat without bone”), Ancient Greek σάλος (sálos, “gulf of waves”) (< Proto-Indo-European *tu̯l̥(H)o-)

None of these Indo-European words is a close match for this word, thus leading Beekes to conclude Pre-Greek origin as more, though not overwhelmingly more, likely.^[1] It has been suggested that the Balto-Slavic and Germanic terms stem from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”), which fits the Greek meaning well.

Pronunciation

According to Liddell & Scott, the υ is short in earlier authors and long in later ones. When the vowel is short:

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tý.lɛː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈty.le̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈty.li/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈty.li/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈti.li/

When the vowel is long:

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ty̌ː.lɛː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈty.le̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈty.li/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈty.li/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈti.li/

Noun

τύλη • (túlē) f (genitive τύλης); first declension

swelling, callus
hump of a camel
(in the plural) blisters on the hands
pad for carrying burdens on
cushion, mattress

Inflection

First declension of ἡ τύλη; τῆς τύλης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ τύλη hē túlē	τὼ τύλᾱ tṑ túlā	αἱ τύλαι hai túlai
Genitive	τῆς τύλης tês túlēs	τοῖν τύλαιν toîn túlain	τῶν τυλῶν tôn tulôn
Dative	τῇ τύλῃ tēî túlēi	τοῖν τύλαιν toîn túlain	ταῖς τύλαις taîs túlais
Accusative	τὴν τύλην tḕn túlēn	τὼ τύλᾱ tṑ túlā	τᾱ̀ς τύλᾱς tā̀s túlās
Vocative	τύλη túlē	τύλᾱ túlā	τύλαι túlai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

τυλαίνιον (tulaínion)
τύλαρος (túlaros)
τυλάς (tulás)
τυλεῖον (tuleîon)
τυληρός (tulērós)
τυλίον (tulíon)
τυλίσσω (tulíssō)
τυλοειδής (tuloeidḗs)
τυλόεις (tulóeis)
τυλοπλόκος (tuloplókos)
τυλοπροσκεφάλαιον (tuloproskephálaion)
τυλοφάντης (tulophántēs)
τυλόω (tulóō)
τυλώδης (tulṓdēs)
τύλων (túlōn)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τύλη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1517