τράχηλος

Ancient Greek

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ἐγκέφαλος

τράχηλος

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Alternative forms

τράχᾱλος (trákhālos) — Doric

Etymology

Unknown. A secondary formation from τρέχω (trékhō, “to run”) (from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to run, drag”)) is phonetically attractive, but the interpretation of the neck as a "runner" is semantically strange and unseen in other Indo-European languages. Thus, tentatively suggested as a Pre-Greek substrate word by Beekes.^[1] Compare θώραξ (thṓrax).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /trá.kʰɛː.los/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtra.kʰe̝.los/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtra.çi.los/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtra.çi.los/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtra.çi.los/

Noun

τρᾰ́χηλος • (trắkhēlos) m (genitive τρᾰχήλου); second declension

neck
Synonyms: αὐχήν (aukhḗn), δέρη (dérē)

Declension

Second declension of ὁ τρᾰ́χηλος; τοῦ τρᾰχήλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ τρᾰ́χηλος ho trắkhēlos
Genitive	τοῦ τρᾰχήλου toû trăkhḗlou
Dative	τῷ τρᾰχήλῳ tōî trăkhḗlōi
Accusative	τὸν τρᾰ́χηλον tòn trắkhēlon
Vocative	τρᾰ́χηλε trắkhēle
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of τᾰ̀ τρᾰ́χηλᾰ; τῶν τρᾰχήλων (Attic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	τᾰ̀ τρᾰ́χηλᾰ tằ trắkhēlă
Genitive	τῶν τρᾰχήλων tôn trăkhḗlōn
Dative	τοῖς τρᾰχήλοις toîs trăkhḗlois
Accusative	τᾰ̀ τρᾰ́χηλᾰ tằ trắkhēlă
Vocative	τρᾰ́χηλᾰ trắkhēlă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ English: trachelo-

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τράχηλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1501

“τράχηλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“τράχηλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
τράχηλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- neck idem, page 554.
- throat idem, page 870.
τράχηλος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τράχηλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1501

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