γνάθος
Ancient Greek
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Etymology
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₂dʰ-os, from a root *ǵneh₂dʰ- related to *ǵénu- (“jaw, cheek, chin”), despite (as Beekes objects) not yielding *γνᾱθος (*gnāthos) as may be expected. Cognate with Lithuanian žándas (“cheek”) and English chin.[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡná.tʰos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɡna.tʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɣna.θos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈɣna.θos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈɣna.θos/
Noun
γνᾰ́θος • (gnắthos) f (genitive γνᾰ́θου); second declension
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ γνᾰ́θος hē gnắthos |
τὼ γνᾰ́θω tṑ gnắthō |
αἱ γνᾰ́θοι hai gnắthoi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς γνᾰ́θου tês gnắthou |
τοῖν γνᾰ́θοιν toîn gnắthoin |
τῶν γνᾰ́θων tôn gnắthōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ γνᾰ́θῳ tēî gnắthōi |
τοῖν γνᾰ́θοιν toîn gnắthoin |
ταῖς γνᾰ́θοις taîs gnắthois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν γνᾰ́θον tḕn gnắthon |
τὼ γνᾰ́θω tṑ gnắthō |
τᾱ̀ς γνᾰ́θους tā̀s gnắthous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | γνᾰ́θε gnắthe |
γνᾰ́θω gnắthō |
γνᾰ́θοι gnắthoi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Synonyms
- (jaw): γναθμός (gnathmós)
Derived terms
- πλᾰτύγνᾰθος (plătúgnăthos)
Descendants
- → Greek: γνάθος (gnáthos)
- → Late Latin: ganathus
- ⇒ English: gnatho-
- ⇒ New Latin: eurygnathus
- ⇒ Translingual: Gnathia, Enoplognatha
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γναθμός (> VAR > γνάθος)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 279
Further reading
- “γνάθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “γνάθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- γνάθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- γνάθος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
- “γνάθος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- γνάθος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- γνάθος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek γνάθος (gnáthos).
Noun
γνάθος • (gnáthos) f (plural γνάθοι)
- jawbone (mandible or maxilla)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | γνάθος (gnáthos) | γνάθοι (gnáthoi) |
| genitive | γνάθου (gnáthou) | γνάθων (gnáthon) |
| accusative | γνάθο (gnátho) | γνάθους (gnáthous) |
| vocative | γνάθε (gnáthe) | γνάθοι (gnáthoi) |
Synonyms
- σιαγόνα f (siagóna)
Related terms
- άνω γνάθος f (áno gnáthos, “maxilla, upper jaw”)
- κάτω γνάθος f (káto gnáthos, “mandible, lower jaw”)
Further reading
- γνάθος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language