οἰδέω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

οἰδάω (oidáō)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂oyd-éye-ti, composed of an o-grade of the root *h₂eyd- and causative/iterative present suffix *-éyeti. Cognates include Old Armenian այտ (ayt, “cheek”), այտնում (aytnum, “to swell”), Latin aemidus, Old English āte (English oat). Compare Οἰδίπους (Oidípous).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /oi̯.dé.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /yˈde.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /yˈðe.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /yˈðe.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈðe.o/

Verb

οἰδέω • (oidéō)

to swell, become swollen
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.455
(figuratively) of inflated style
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 940

Inflection

Present: οἰδέω, οἰδέομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	οἰδέω	οἰδέεις	οἰδέει	οἰδέετον	οἰδέετον	οἰδέομεν	οἰδέετε	οἰδέουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	οἰδέω	οἰδέῃς	οἰδέῃ	οἰδέητον	οἰδέητον	οἰδέωμεν	οἰδέητε	οἰδέωσῐ(ν)
	optative	οἰδέοιμῐ	οἰδέοις	οἰδέοι	οἰδέοιτον	οἰδεοίτην	οἰδέοιμεν	οἰδέοιτε	οἰδέοιεν
	imperative		οἴδεε	οἰδεέτω	οἰδέετον	οἰδεέτων		οἰδέετε	οἰδεόντων
middle/passive	indicative	οἰδέομαι	οἰδέῃ, οἰδέει	οἰδέεται	οἰδέεσθον	οἰδέεσθον	οἰδεόμεθᾰ	οἰδέεσθε	οἰδέονται
	subjunctive	οἰδέωμαι	οἰδέῃ	οἰδέηται	οἰδέησθον	οἰδέησθον	οἰδεώμεθᾰ	οἰδέησθε	οἰδέωνται
	optative	οἰδεοίμην	οἰδέοιο	οἰδέοιτο	οἰδέοισθον	οἰδεοίσθην	οἰδεοίμεθᾰ	οἰδέοισθε	οἰδέοιντο
	imperative		οἰδέου	οἰδεέσθω	οἰδέεσθον	οἰδεέσθων		οἰδέεσθε	οἰδεέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		οἰδέειν				οἰδέεσθαι
participle	m	οἰδέων				οἰδεόμενος
	f	οἰδέουσᾰ				οἰδεομένη
	n	οἰδέον				οἰδεόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: οἰδῶ, οἰδοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	οἰδῶ	οἰδεῖς	οἰδεῖ	οἰδεῖτον	οἰδεῖτον	οἰδοῦμεν	οἰδεῖτε	οἰδοῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	οἰδῶ	οἰδῇς	οἰδῇ	οἰδῆτον	οἰδῆτον	οἰδῶμεν	οἰδῆτε	οἰδῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	οἰδοίην, οἰδοῖμῐ	οἰδοίης, οἰδοῖς	οἰδοίη, οἰδοῖ	οἰδοῖτον, οἰδοίητον	οἰδοίτην, οἰδοιήτην	οἰδοῖμεν, οἰδοίημεν	οἰδοῖτε, οἰδοίητε	οἰδοῖεν, οἰδοίησᾰν
	imperative		οἴδει	οἰδείτω	οἰδεῖτον	οἰδείτων		οἰδεῖτε	οἰδούντων
middle/passive	indicative	οἰδοῦμαι	οἰδεῖ, οἰδῇ	οἰδεῖται	οἰδεῖσθον	οἰδεῖσθον	οἰδούμεθᾰ	οἰδεῖσθε	οἰδοῦνται
	subjunctive	οἰδῶμαι	οἰδῇ	οἰδῆται	οἰδῆσθον	οἰδῆσθον	οἰδώμεθᾰ	οἰδῆσθε	οἰδῶνται
	optative	οἰδοίμην	οἰδοῖο	οἰδοῖτο	οἰδοῖσθον	οἰδοίσθην	οἰδοίμεθᾰ	οἰδοῖσθε	οἰδοῖντο
	imperative		οἰδοῦ	οἰδείσθω	οἰδεῖσθον	οἰδείσθων		οἰδεῖσθε	οἰδείσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		οἰδεῖν				οἰδεῖσθαι
participle	m	οἰδῶν				οἰδούμενος
	f	οἰδοῦσᾰ				οἰδουμένη
	n	οἰδοῦν				οἰδούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ᾤδεον, ᾠδεόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾤδεον	ᾤδεες	ᾤδεε(ν)	ᾠδέετον	ᾠδεέτην	ᾠδέομεν	ᾠδέετε	ᾤδεον
middle/passive	indicative	ᾠδεόμην	ᾠδέου	ᾠδέετο	ᾠδέεσθον	ᾠδεέσθην	ᾠδεόμεθᾰ	ᾠδέεσθε	ᾠδέοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ᾤδουν, ᾠδούμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾤδουν	ᾤδεις	ᾤδει	ᾠδεῖτον	ᾠδείτην	ᾠδοῦμεν	ᾠδεῖτε	ᾤδουν
middle/passive	indicative	ᾠδούμην	ᾠδοῦ	ᾠδεῖτο	ᾠδεῖσθον	ᾠδείσθην	ᾠδούμεθᾰ	ᾠδεῖσθε	ᾠδοῦντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ᾤδησᾰ, ᾠδησᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾤδησᾰ	ᾤδησᾰς	ᾤδησε(ν)	ᾠδήσᾰτον	ᾠδησᾰ́την	ᾠδήσᾰμεν	ᾠδήσᾰτε	ᾤδησᾰν
	subjunctive	οἰδήσω	οἰδήσῃς	οἰδήσῃ	οἰδήσητον	οἰδήσητον	οἰδήσωμεν	οἰδήσητε	οἰδήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	οἰδήσαιμῐ	οἰδήσειᾰς, οἰδήσαις	οἰδήσειε(ν), οἰδήσαι	οἰδήσαιτον	οἰδησαίτην	οἰδήσαιμεν	οἰδήσαιτε	οἰδήσειᾰν, οἰδήσαιεν
	imperative		οἴδησον	οἰδησᾰ́τω	οἰδήσᾰτον	οἰδησᾰ́των		οἰδήσᾰτε	οἰδησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ᾠδησᾰ́μην	ᾠδήσω	ᾠδήσᾰτο	ᾠδήσᾰσθον	ᾠδησᾰ́σθην	ᾠδησᾰ́μεθᾰ	ᾠδήσᾰσθε	ᾠδήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	οἰδήσωμαι	οἰδήσῃ	οἰδήσηται	οἰδήσησθον	οἰδήσησθον	οἰδησώμεθᾰ	οἰδήσησθε	οἰδήσωνται
	optative	οἰδησαίμην	οἰδήσαιο	οἰδήσαιτο	οἰδήσαισθον	οἰδησαίσθην	οἰδησαίμεθᾰ	οἰδήσαισθε	οἰδήσαιντο
	imperative		οἴδησαι	οἰδησᾰ́σθω	οἰδήσᾰσθον	οἰδησᾰ́σθων		οἰδήσᾰσθε	οἰδησᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		οἰδῆσαι			οἰδήσᾰσθαι
participle	m	οἰδήσᾱς			οἰδησᾰ́μενος
	f	οἰδήσᾱσᾰ			οἰδησᾰμένη
	n	οἰδῆσᾰν			οἰδησᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ᾤδηκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾤδηκᾰ	ᾤδηκᾰς	ᾤδηκε(ν)	ᾠδήκᾰτον	ᾠδήκᾰτον	ᾠδήκᾰμεν	ᾠδήκᾰτε	ᾠδήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ᾠδήκω	ᾠδήκῃς	ᾠδήκῃ	ᾠδήκητον	ᾠδήκητον	ᾠδήκωμεν	ᾠδήκητε	ᾠδήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾠδήκοιμῐ, ᾠδηκοίην	ᾠδήκοις, ᾠδηκοίης	ᾠδήκοι, ᾠδηκοίη	ᾠδήκοιτον	ᾠδηκοίτην	ᾠδήκοιμεν	ᾠδήκοιτε	ᾠδήκοιεν
	imperative		ᾤδηκε	ᾠδηκέτω	ᾠδήκετον	ᾠδηκέτων		ᾠδήκετε	ᾠδηκόντων
		active
infinitive		ᾠδηκέναι
participle	m	ᾠδηκώς
	f	ᾠδηκυῖᾰ
	n	ᾠδηκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀνοιδέω (anoidéō)
διοιδέω (dioidéō)
ἐξοιδέω (exoidéō)
οἰδαίνω (oidaínō)
οἰδαλέος (oidaléos)
οἰδάνω (oidánō)
οἶδαξ (oîdax)
οἴδημα (oídēma)
οἴδησις (oídēsis)
οἰδήτης (oidḗtēs)
οἰδίσκω (oidískō)
οἶδμα (oîdma)
οἴδομαι (oídomai)
οἶδος (oîdos)
ὕποιδος (húpoidos)

References

“οἰδέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“οἰδέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“οἰδέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
οἰδέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
οἰδέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1053