οἰδάνω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyd- (“to swell”)

Beekes suggests that the term must be a secondary enlargement of οἰδέω (oidéō). The linguist Petr Kocharov compares the term to other innovative nasal-infix verbs in Ancient Greek, such as ἱζάνομαι (hizánomai), itself from ἵζω (hízō).
Rix compares the term to Armenian այտնում (aytnum), and suggests a possible Proto-Indo-European nu-infix present *h₂id-néw-ti as the source. The linguist Chiara Bozzone, however, suggests that the expected outcome of the PIE nu-infix verb would be Ancient Greek **ἴδνυμι (**ídnumi). Moreover, Kocharov suggests that the Armenian nasal-present must also be a secondary formation.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /oi̯.dá.nɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /yˈda.no/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /yˈða.no/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /yˈða.no/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈða.no/

Verb

οἰδᾰ́νω • (oidắnō)

to cause to swell, make swell
- Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1.475:
  Δαιμόνιε, φρονέεις ὀλοφώια καὶ πάρος αὐτῷ. ἦέ τοι εἰς ἄτην ζωρὸν μέθυ θαρσαλέον κῆρ οἰδάνει ἐν στήθεσσι, θεοὺς δʼ ἀνέηκεν ἀτίζειν; ἄλλοι μῦθοι ἔασι παρήγοροι, οἷσί περ ἀνὴρ
  Daimónie, phronéeis olophṓia kaì páros autōî. êé toi eis átēn zōròn méthu tharsaléon kêr oidánei en stḗthessi, theoùs d’ anéēken atízein? álloi mûthoi éasi parḗgoroi, hoîsí per anḕr
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1165-1169:
  τόν τε φήληχʼ ὁρῶν οἰδάνοντʼ· εἶθʼ ὁπόταν ᾖ πέπων, ἐσθίω κἀπέχω χἄμα φήμʼ, “ὧραι φίλαι·” καὶ τοῦ θύμου τρίβων κυκῶμαι·
  tón te phḗlēkh’ horôn oidánont’; eîth’ hopótan ēî pépōn, esthíō kapékhō kháma phḗm’, “hôrai phílai;” kaì toû thúmou tríbōn kukômai;
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(passive voice) to be swollen
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Illiad 9.645-648:
  πάντά τί μοι κατὰ θυμὸν ἐείσαο μυθήσασθαι· ἀλλά μοι οἰδάνεται κραδίη χόλῳ ὁππότε κείνων μνήσομαι ὥς μʼ ἀσύφηλον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔρεξεν Ἀτρεΐδης ὡς εἴ τινʼ ἀτίμητον μετανάστην.
  pántá tí moi katà thumòn eeísao muthḗsasthai; allá moi oidánetai kradíē khólōi hoppóte keínōn mnḗsomai hṓs m’ asúphēlon en Argeíoisin érexen Atreḯdēs hōs eí tin’ atímēton metanástēn.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Present: οἰδᾰ́νω, οἰδᾰ́νομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	οἰδᾰ́νω	οἰδᾰ́νεις	οἰδᾰ́νει	οἰδᾰ́νετον	οἰδᾰ́νετον	οἰδᾰ́νομεν	οἰδᾰ́νετε	οἰδᾰ́νουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	οἰδᾰ́νω	οἰδᾰ́νῃς	οἰδᾰ́νῃ	οἰδᾰ́νητον	οἰδᾰ́νητον	οἰδᾰ́νωμεν	οἰδᾰ́νητε	οἰδᾰ́νωσῐ(ν)
	optative	οἰδᾰ́νοιμῐ	οἰδᾰ́νοις	οἰδᾰ́νοι	οἰδᾰ́νοιτον	οἰδᾰνοίτην	οἰδᾰ́νοιμεν	οἰδᾰ́νοιτε	οἰδᾰ́νοιεν
	imperative		οἴδᾰνε	οἰδᾰνέτω	οἰδᾰ́νετον	οἰδᾰνέτων		οἰδᾰ́νετε	οἰδᾰνόντων
middle/passive	indicative	οἰδᾰ́νομαι	οἰδᾰ́νῃ, οἰδᾰ́νει	οἰδᾰ́νεται	οἰδᾰ́νεσθον	οἰδᾰ́νεσθον	οἰδᾰνόμεθᾰ	οἰδᾰ́νεσθε	οἰδᾰ́νονται
	subjunctive	οἰδᾰ́νωμαι	οἰδᾰ́νῃ	οἰδᾰ́νηται	οἰδᾰ́νησθον	οἰδᾰ́νησθον	οἰδᾰνώμεθᾰ	οἰδᾰ́νησθε	οἰδᾰ́νωνται
	optative	οἰδᾰνοίμην	οἰδᾰ́νοιο	οἰδᾰ́νοιτο	οἰδᾰ́νοισθον	οἰδᾰνοίσθην	οἰδᾰνοίμεθᾰ	οἰδᾰ́νοισθε	οἰδᾰ́νοιντο
	imperative		οἰδᾰ́νου	οἰδᾰνέσθω	οἰδᾰ́νεσθον	οἰδᾰνέσθων		οἰδᾰ́νεσθε	οἰδᾰνέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		οἰδᾰ́νειν				οἰδᾰ́νεσθαι
participle	m	οἰδᾰ́νων				οἰδᾰνόμενος
	f	οἰδᾰ́νουσᾰ				οἰδᾰνομένη
	n	οἰδᾰ́νον				οἰδᾰνόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ᾤδηνᾰ, ᾠδηνᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾤδηνᾰ	ᾤδηνᾰς	ᾤδηνε(ν)	ᾠδήνᾰτον	ᾠδηνᾰ́την	ᾠδήνᾰμεν	ᾠδήνᾰτε	ᾤδηνᾰν
	subjunctive	ῶ	ῇς	ῇ	ῆτον	ῆτον	ῶμεν	ῆτε	ῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	αῖμῐ	εῖᾰς, αῖς	εῖε(ν), αῖ	αῖτον	αίτην	αῖμεν	αῖτε	εῖᾰν, αῖεν
	imperative		όν	ᾰ́τω	ᾰ́τον	ᾰ́των		ᾰ́τε	ᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ᾠδηνᾰ́μην	ᾠδήνω	ᾠδήνᾰτο	ᾠδήνᾰσθον	ᾠδηνᾰ́σθην	ᾠδηνᾰ́μεθᾰ	ᾠδήνᾰσθε	ᾠδήνᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῶμαι	ῇ	ῆται	ῆσθον	ῆσθον	ώμεθᾰ	ῆσθε	ῶνται
	optative	αίμην	αῖο	αῖτο	αῖσθον	αίσθην	αίμεθᾰ	αῖσθε	αῖντο
	imperative		αῖ	ᾰ́σθω	ᾰ́σθον	ᾰ́σθων		ᾰ́σθε	ᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		αῖ			ᾰ́σθαι
participle	m	ᾶς			ᾰ́μενος
	f	ᾶσᾰ			ᾰμένη
	n	ᾰ́ν			ᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

“οἰδάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“οἰδάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
οἰδάνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
“οἰδάνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
οἰδάνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
οἰδάνω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 258
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1054
Chiara Bozzone (2013), “Initial Jod in Greek and the Etymology of Gk. Híppos”, in Proceedings of the 24th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference‎^[1]
Hrach Martirosyan; Luiza Yengoyan; Nelli Yesayan (17 February 2025), “Archaisms and Innovations in the Armenian Dialects of Artsakh and Syunik”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎^[2], volume 29, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 58–76