μυκάομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps onomatopoeic,[1] compare English moo. However, on the basis of terms such as Latin mūgiō, Lithuanian mū̃kti (“to bellow”), Old High German muckazen, and Sanskrit múñjati, the EIEC suggests that it may derive from Proto-Indo-European *mug-, itself perhaps an extension of a root *mu-, whence perhaps also Ancient Greek μύζω (múzō, “to moan”).[2] Based on the denominative suffix -άω (-áō), the linguists Lucien van Beek and Laura Migliori suggests that it is a recent term formed within Greek.[3] According to Beekes, the present form of the verb may have been formed innovatively after the perfect form μέμῡκᾰ (mémūkă) and the root aorist μῠ́κον (mŭ́kon), according to the model of terms such as Ancient Greek βρυχάομαι (brukháomai), which bears a perfect form βέβρῡχα (bébrūkha).[4] Though, according to the linguist Daniel Kölligan, it is likely that these perfects were not inherited from Proto-Indo-European, but instead formed within Greek.[5] Other middle-voice verbs have active perfects, such as γίγνομαι (gígnomai) and γέγονα (gégona).[6]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

μῡκάομαι • (mūkáomai) (deponent)

  1. to moo, low (of oxen)
  2. to resound, creak, ring, hiss (of things)
  3. to roar

Conjugation

   Present: μῡκᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative μῡκᾰ́ομαι μῡκᾰ́ῃ,
μῡκᾰ́ει 		μῡκᾰ́εται μῡκᾰ́εσθον μῡκᾰ́εσθον μῡκᾰόμεθᾰ μῡκᾰ́εσθε μῡκᾰ́ονται
subjunctive μῡκᾰ́ωμαι μῡκᾰ́ῃ μῡκᾰ́ηται μῡκᾰ́ησθον μῡκᾰ́ησθον μῡκᾰώμεθᾰ μῡκᾰ́ησθε μῡκᾰ́ωνται
optative μῡκᾰοίμην μῡκᾰ́οιο μῡκᾰ́οιτο μῡκᾰ́οισθον μῡκᾰοίσθην μῡκᾰοίμεθᾰ μῡκᾰ́οισθε μῡκᾰ́οιντο
imperative   μῡκᾰ́ου μῡκᾰέσθω μῡκᾰ́εσθον μῡκᾰέσθων   μῡκᾰ́εσθε μῡκᾰέσθων
infinitive μῡκᾰ́εσθαι
participle m μῡκᾰόμενος
f μῡκᾰομένη
n μῡκᾰόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: μῡκῶμαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative μῡκῶμαι μῡκᾷ μῡκᾶται μῡκᾶσθον μῡκᾶσθον μῡκώμεθᾰ μῡκᾶσθε μῡκῶνται
subjunctive μῡκῶμαι μῡκᾷ μῡκᾶται μῡκᾶσθον μῡκᾶσθον μῡκώμεθᾰ μῡκᾶσθε μῡκῶνται
optative μῡκῴμην μῡκῷο μῡκῷτο μῡκῷσθον μῡκῴσθην μῡκῴμεθᾰ μῡκῷσθε μῡκῷντο
imperative   μῡκῶ μῡκᾱ́σθω μῡκᾶσθον μῡκᾱ́σθων   μῡκᾶσθε μῡκᾱ́σθων
infinitive μῡκᾶσθαι
participle m μῡκώμενος
f μῡκωμένη
n μῡκώμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: μυκᾰόμην (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative μυκᾰόμην μυκᾰ́ου μυκᾰ́ετο μυκᾰ́εσθον μυκᾰέσθην μυκᾰόμεθᾰ μυκᾰ́εσθε μυκᾰ́οντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: μυκώμην (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative μυκώμην μυκῶ μυκᾶτο μυκᾶσθον μυκᾱ́σθην μυκώμεθᾰ μυκᾶσθε μυκῶντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: μύκεσκον, μυκεσκόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative μύκεσκον μύκεσκες μύκεσκε(ν) μυκέσκετον μυκεσκέτην μυκέσκομεν μυκέσκετε μύκεσκον
middle/passive indicative μυκεσκόμην μυκέσκεο,
μυκέσκευ 		μυκέσκετο μυκέσκεσθον μυκεσκέσθην μυκεσκόμε(σ)θᾰ μυκέσκεσθε μυκέσκοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: μυκήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative μυκήσομαι μυκήσῃ,
μυκήσει 		μυκήσεται μυκήσεσθον μυκήσεσθον μυκησόμεθᾰ μυκήσεσθε μυκήσονται
optative μυκησοίμην μυκήσοιο μυκήσοιτο μυκήσοισθον μυκησοίσθην μυκησοίμεθᾰ μυκήσοισθε μυκήσοιντο
middle
infinitive μυκήσεσθαι
participle m μυκησόμενος
f μυκησομένη
n μυκησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐμῡκησᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐμῡκησᾰ́μην ἐμῡκήσω ἐμῡκήσᾰτο ἐμῡκήσᾰσθον ἐμῡκησᾰ́σθην ἐμῡκησᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐμῡκήσᾰσθε ἐμῡκήσᾰντο
subjunctive μῡκήσωμαι μῡκήσῃ μῡκήσηται μῡκήσησθον μῡκήσησθον μῡκησώμεθᾰ μῡκήσησθε μῡκήσωνται
optative μῡκησαίμην μῡκήσαιο μῡκήσαιτο μῡκήσαισθον μῡκησαίσθην μῡκησαίμεθᾰ μῡκήσαισθε μῡκήσαιντο
imperative   μῡ́κησαι μῡκησᾰ́σθω μῡκήσᾰσθον μῡκησᾰ́σθων   μῡκήσᾰσθε μῡκησᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive μῡκήσᾰσθαι
participle m μῡκησᾰ́μενος
f μῡκησᾰμένη
n μῡκησᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: μῠ́κον, μῠκόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative μῠ́κον μῠ́κες μῠ́κε(ν) μῠ́κετον μῠκέτην μῠ́κομεν μῠ́κετε μῠ́κον
subjunctive μῠ́κω,
μῠ́κωμῐ 		μῠ́κῃς,
μῠ́κῃσθᾰ 		μῠ́κῃ,
μῠ́κῃσῐ(ν) 		μῠ́κητον μῠ́κητον μῠ́κωμεν μῠ́κητε μῠ́κωσῐ(ν)
optative μῠ́κοιμῐ μῠ́κοις,
μῠ́κοισθᾰ 		μῠ́κοι μῠκεῖτον μῠκείτην μῠκεῖμεν μῠκεῖτε μῠκεῖεν
imperative   μῠ́κε μῠκέτω μῠ́κετον μῠκέτων   μῠ́κετε μῠκόντων
middle indicative μῠκόμην μῠ́κεο μῠ́κετο μῠ́κεσθον μῠκέσθην μῠκόμε(σ)θᾰ μῠ́κεσθε μῠ́κοντο
subjunctive μῠ́κωμαι μῠ́κηαι μῠ́κηται μῠ́κησθον μῠ́κησθον μῠκώμε(σ)θᾰ μῠ́κησθε μῠ́κωνται
optative μῠκοίμην μῠ́κοιο μῠ́κοιτο μῠ́κοισθον μῠκοίσθην μῠκοίμε(σ)θᾰ μῠ́κοισθε μῠκοίᾰτο
imperative   μῠ́κεο μῠκέσθω μῠ́κεσθον μῠκέσθων   μῠ́κεσθε μῠκέσθων
active middle
infinitive μῠκεῖν,
μῠκέμεν(αι) 		μῠκέσθαι
participle m μῠκών μῠκόμενος
f μῠκοῦσᾰ μῠκομένη
n μῠκόν μῠκόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: μέμῡκᾰ, μέμῡμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative μέμῡκᾰ μέμῡκᾰς μέμῡκε(ν) μεμῡ́κᾰτον μεμῡ́κᾰτον μεμῡ́κᾰμεν μεμῡ́κᾰτε μεμῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive μεμῡ́κω μεμῡ́κῃς μεμῡ́κῃ μεμῡ́κητον μεμῡ́κητον μεμῡ́κωμεν μεμῡ́κητε μεμῡ́κωσῐ(ν)
optative μεμῡ́κοιμῐ,
μεμῡκοίην 		μεμῡ́κοις,
μεμῡκοίης 		μεμῡ́κοι,
μεμῡκοίη 		μεμῡ́κοιτον μεμῡκοίτην μεμῡ́κοιμεν μεμῡ́κοιτε μεμῡ́κοιεν
imperative   μέμῡκε μεμῡκέτω μεμῡ́κετον μεμῡκέτων   μεμῡ́κετε μεμῡκόντων
middle/passive indicative μέμῡμαι μέμῡσαι μέμῡται μέμῡσθον μέμῡσθον μεμῡ́μεθᾰ μέμῡσθε μέμῡνται
subjunctive μεμῡμένος ὦ μεμῡμένος ᾖς μεμῡμένος ᾖ μεμῡμένω ἦτον μεμῡμένω ἦτον μεμῡμένοι ὦμεν μεμῡμένοι ἦτε μεμῡμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative μεμῡμένος εἴην μεμῡμένος εἴης μεμῡμένος εἴη μεμῡμένω εἴητον,
εἶτον 		μεμῡμένω εἰήτην,
εἴτην 		μεμῡμένοι εἴημεν,
εἶμεν 		μεμῡμένοι εἴητε,
εἶτε 		μεμῡμένοι εἴησᾰν,
εἶεν
imperative   μέμῡσο μεμῡ́σθω μέμῡσθον μεμῡ́σθων   μέμῡσθε μεμῡ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive μεμῡκέναι μεμῦσθαι
participle m μεμῡκώς μεμῡμένος
f μεμῡκυῖᾰ μεμῡμένη
n μεμῡκός μεμῡμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐμεμῡ́κειν, ἐμεμῡ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐμεμῡ́κειν,
ἐμεμῡ́κη 		ἐμεμῡ́κεις,
ἐμεμῡ́κης 		ἐμεμῡ́κει(ν) ἐμεμῡ́κετον ἐμεμῡκέτην ἐμεμῡ́κεμεν ἐμεμῡ́κετε ἐμεμῡ́κεσᾰν
middle/passive indicative ἐμεμῡ́μην ἐμέμῡσο ἐμέμῡτο ἐμέμῡσθον ἐμεμῡ́σθην ἐμεμῡ́μεθᾰ ἐμέμῡσθε ἐμέμῡντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

  1. ^ Willi, Andreas (2018), Origins of the Greek Verb, Cambridge University Press, page 238
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*mug-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 394
  3. ^ Beek, Lucien van; Migliori, Laura (19 August 2019), Passa, Enzo, Tribulato, Olga, editors, Active versus Middle Perfect in Homeric Greek: Synchrony and Diachrony‎[1], De Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, page 92
  4. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μῡκάομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 976-977
  5. ^ Daniel Kölligan (21 June 2019), “Greek and the Indo-European Verb”, in Mnemosyne‎[2], volume 72, number 4, →DOI, →ISSN, page 686
  6. ^ Jones, Howard; Jones, Oliver; Macleod, Morgan (9 July 2025), “The perfect in Homeric Greek: A functional account”, in Glotta‎[3], volume 101, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 27
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.