μάστιξ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

μᾰ́στῑγᾰ (mắstīgă) — rare in Attic, uncommon in Koine
μᾰ́στῐς (mắstĭs) — Epic and Ionic, rare

Etymology

From Pre-Greek.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /más.tiks/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈmas.tiks/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈmas.tiks/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈmas.tiks/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈmas.tiks/

Noun

μᾰ́στῐξ • (mắstĭx) f (genitive μᾰ́στῑγος); third declension

horsewhip
Synonym: μᾰ́ρᾰγνᾰ (mắrăgnă)
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.227
  - 5.748
  - 5.840
  - 8.392
  - 10.500
  - 11.532
  - 15.352
  - 17.430
  - 17.479
  - 17.482
  - 19.395
  - 23.362
  - 23.384
  - 23.390
  - 23.500
  - 23.510
  - 23.642
  - 24.326
  - 24.441
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.81
  - 6.316
  - 15.182
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.3.4
- c. 445 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 242
scourge; lash (a whip used for punishment)
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.120.2
  - 7.223.3
- c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.4..25
- 519 BCE – 422 BCE, Cratinus, Collected Works 275
- 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 933
- Phryn., Com. 36
lash (a stroke from a whip or lash)
- 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.157.1
  - 7.22.1
  - 7.35.1
  - 7.56.1
  - 7.103.4
(figurative) scourge; plague
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.37
  - 13.812
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 682
- 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 608
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 642
- 65 CE – 70 CE, The Gospel of Mark 5:34
(figurative) lash; cut; bite (of a criticism or insult)
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.219

Declension

Third declension of ἡ μᾰ́στῐξ; τῆς μᾰ́στῑγος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ μᾰ́στῐξ hē mắstĭx	τὼ μᾰ́στῑγε tṑ mắstīge	αἱ μᾰ́στῑγες hai mắstīges
Genitive	τῆς μᾰ́στῑγος tês mắstīgos	τοῖν μᾰστῑ́γοιν toîn măstī́goin	τῶν μᾰστῑ́γων tôn măstī́gōn
Dative	τῇ μᾰ́στῑγῐ tēî mắstīgĭ	τοῖν μᾰστῑ́γοιν toîn măstī́goin	ταῖς μᾰ́στῐξῐ / μᾰ́στῐξῐν taîs mắstĭxĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν μᾰ́στῑγᾰ tḕn mắstīgă	τὼ μᾰ́στῑγε tṑ mắstīge	τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́στῑγᾰς tā̀s mắstīgăs
Vocative	μᾰ́στῐξ mắstĭx	μᾰ́στῑγε mắstīge	μᾰ́στῑγες mắstīges
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of μᾰ́στῐξ; μᾰ́στῑγος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	μᾰ́στῐξ mắstĭx	μᾰ́στῑγε mắstīge	μᾰ́στῑγες mắstīges
Genitive	μᾰ́στῑγος mắstīgos	μᾰστῑ́γοιῐ̈ν măstī́goiĭ̈n	μᾰστῑ́γων măstī́gōn
Dative	μᾰ́στῑγῐ mắstīgĭ	μᾰστῑ́γοιῐ̈ν măstī́goiĭ̈n	μᾰ́στῐξῐ / μᾰ́στῐξῐν / μᾰστῑ́γεσῐ / μᾰστῑ́γεσῐν / μᾰστῑ́γεσσῐ / μᾰστῑ́γεσσῐν mắstĭxĭ(n) / măstī́gesĭ(n) / măstī́gessĭ(n)
Accusative	μᾰ́στῑγᾰ mắstīgă	μᾰ́στῑγε mắstīge	μᾰ́στῑγᾰς mắstīgăs
Vocative	μᾰ́στῐξ mắstĭx	μᾰ́στῑγε mắstīge	μᾰ́στῑγες mắstīges
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of ἡ μᾰ́στῐξ; τῆς μᾰ́στῑγος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ μᾰ́στῐξ hē mắstĭx	τὼ μᾰ́στῑγε tṑ mắstīge	αἱ μᾰ́στῑγες hai mắstīges
Genitive	τῆς μᾰ́στῑγος tês mắstīgos	τοῖν μᾰστῑ́γοιν toîn măstī́goin	τῶν μᾰστῑ́γων tôn măstī́gōn
Dative	τῇ μᾰ́στῑγῐ tēî mắstīgĭ	τοῖν μᾰστῑ́γοιν toîn măstī́goin	τῇσῐ / τῇσῐν μᾰ́στῐξῐ / μᾰ́στῐξῐν tēîsĭ(n) mắstĭxĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν μᾰ́στῑγᾰ tḕn mắstīgă	τὼ μᾰ́στῑγε tṑ mắstīge	τᾱ̀ς μᾰ́στῑγᾰς tā̀s mắstīgăs
Vocative	μᾰ́στῐξ mắstĭx	μᾰ́στῑγε mắstīge	μᾰ́στῑγες mắstīges
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ᾰ̓μᾰστῑ́γωτος (ămăstī́gōtos)
ᾰ̓μᾰ́στῑκτος (ămắstīktos)
ᾰ̓πομᾰστῑγόω (ăpomăstīgóō)
ᾰ̓πομᾰστῑγῶ (ăpomăstīgô)
ᾰ̓πομᾰστῐ́ζω (ăpomăstĭ́zō)
γρᾰμμᾰτῐκομᾰ́στῐξ (grămmătĭkomắstĭx)
δῐᾰμᾰστῑγόω (dĭămăstīgóō)
δῐᾰμᾰστῑγῶ (dĭămăstīgô)
δῐᾰμᾰστῑγώνω (dĭămăstīgṓnō)
δῐᾰμᾰστῑ́γωσῐς (dĭămăstī́gōsĭs)
δῐᾰμᾰστῐ́ζω (dĭămăstĭ́zō)
ἐκμᾰστῑγόω (ekmăstīgóō)
ἐκμᾰστῑγῶ (ekmăstīgô)
ἐπῐμᾰστῐ́ζω (epĭmăstĭ́zō)
ἐπῐμᾰστῐ́ω (epĭmăstĭ́ō)
κᾰτᾰμᾰστῑγόω (kătămăstīgóō)
κᾰτᾰμᾰστῑγῶ (kătămăstīgô)
κᾰτᾰμᾰστῐ́ζω (kătămăstĭ́zō)
κλεπτομᾰ́στῐξ (kleptomắstĭx)
κλῳομᾰ́στῐξ (klōiomắstĭx)
μᾰ́στειρᾰ (mắsteiră)
μᾰστῐᾰ́ω (măstĭắō)
μᾰ́στῑγᾰ (mắstīgă)
μᾰστῑγεύς (măstīgeús)
μᾰστῑγέω (măstīgéō)
μᾰστῑγῐ́ᾱ (măstīgĭ́ā)
μᾰστῑγῐ́ᾱς (măstīgĭ́ās)
μᾰστῑγῐᾰ́ω (măstīgĭắō)
μᾰστῑγῐ́ης (măstīgĭ́ēs)
μᾰστῑ́γῐον (măstī́gĭon)
μᾰστῑγῐῶ (măstīgĭô)
μᾰ́στῑγμᾰ (mắstīgmă)
μᾰστῑγονομέομαι (măstīgonoméomai)
μᾰστῑγονόμος (măstīgonómos)
μᾰστῑγονομοῦμαι (măstīgonomoûmai)
μᾰστῑγόπληκτος (măstīgóplēktos)
μᾰστῑγοφορέω (măstīgophoréō)
μᾰστῑγοφόρος (măstīgophóros)
μᾰστῑγοφορῶ (măstīgophorô)
μᾰστῑγόω (măstīgóō)
μᾰστῑγῶ (măstīgô)
μᾰστῑγώνω (măstīgṓnō)
μᾰστῑγώσῐμος (măstīgṓsĭmos)
μᾰστῑ́γωσῐς (măstī́gōsĭs)
μᾰστῑγωτέος (măstīgōtéos)
μᾰστῑγωτῐκός (măstīgōtĭkós)
μᾰστῑ́δες (măstī́des)
μᾰστῐ́ζω (măstĭ́zō)
μᾰστῑ́κτειρᾰ (măstī́kteiră)
μᾰστῑκτήρ (măstīktḗr)
μᾰστῑ́κτωρ (măstī́ktōr)
μᾰστῐ́ξεις (măstĭ́xeis)
μᾰστῐόω (măstĭóō)
μᾰστῐόων (măstĭóōn)
μᾰστῐ́σδω (măstĭ́sdō)
μᾰστῐστής (măstĭstḗs)
μᾰστῐ́ω (măstĭ́ō)
μᾰστῐῶ (măstĭô)
ὁμηρομᾰ́στῑγες (homēromắstīges)
Ὁμηρομᾰ́στῐξ (Homēromắstĭx)
ὁμομᾰστῑγῐ́ᾱς (homomăstīgĭ́ās)
ὁμομᾰστῑγῐ́ης (homomăstīgĭ́ēs)
ὁρμᾰ́στειρᾰ (hormắsteiră)
προμᾰστῐ́ζω (promăstĭ́zō)
προσμᾰστῑγόω (prosmăstīgóō)
προσμᾰστῑγῶ (prosmăstīgô)
προσμᾰστῐ́ζω (prosmăstĭ́zō)
ῥητορομᾰ́στῐξ (rhētoromắstĭx)
σειρομᾰ́στῐξ (seiromắstĭx)
σῠμμᾰστῑγόω (sŭmmăstīgóō)
σῠμμᾰστῑγῶ (sŭmmăstīgô)
τρῐμᾰστῑγῐ́ᾱς (trĭmăstīgĭ́ās)

Descendants

Greek: μάστιγα (mástiga)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μάστιξ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 911–912