45th Canadian Parliament
| 45th Canadian Parliament | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Minority parliament | |||
| May. 26, 2025 – present | |||
Canadian Parliament (2025) | |||
| Parliament leaders | |||
| Prime minister | Rt. Hon. Mark Carney Mar. 14, 2025 – present | ||
| Cabinet | 30th Canadian Ministry | ||
| Leader of the Opposition | Hon. Andrew Scheer May. 6, 2025 – Aug. 18, 2025 | ||
| Hon. Pierre Poilievre Aug. 18, 2025 – present | |||
| Party caucuses | |||
| Government | Liberal Party | ||
| Opposition | Conservative Party | ||
| Recognized | Bloc Québécois | ||
| Independent Senators Group* | |||
| Canadian Senators Group* | |||
| Progressive Senate Group* | |||
| Unrecognized | New Democratic Party | ||
| Green Party | |||
| * Only in the Senate. | |||
| House of Commons | |||
Seating arrangements of the House of Commons | |||
| Speaker of the Commons | Hon. Francis Scarpaleggia May. 26, 2025 – present | ||
| Government House leader | Hon. Steven MacKinnon May. 13, 2025 – present | ||
| Opposition House leader | Hon. Andrew Scheer Sep. 13, 2022 – present | ||
| Members | 343 MP seats List of members | ||
| Senate | |||
Seating arrangements of the Senate | |||
| Speaker of the Senate | Hon. Raymonde Gagné May. 16, 2023 – present | ||
| Government Senate rep. | Hon. Marc Gold Jan. 24, 2020 – Jun. 30, 2025 | ||
| Hon. Pierre Moreau Dec. 24, 2025 – present | |||
| Opposition Senate leader | Hon. Leo Housakos May. 14, 2025 – present | ||
| Senators | 105 senator seats List of senators | ||
| Sovereign | |||
| Monarch | HM Charles III Sep. 8, 2022 – present | ||
| Governor general | HE Rt. Hon. Mary Simon Jul. 26, 2021 – present | ||
| Sessions | |||
| 1st session 26 May 2025 – Present | |||
| |||
| Part of a series on the |
| 45th Canadian Parliament |
|---|
The 45th Canadian Parliament is the current legislative session of the Parliament of Canada, the legislative branch of the national government of Canada. The composition of its dominant component, the House of Commons, was determined by the 2025 federal election, held on April 28, 2025[1], during which the incumbent Liberals led by new leader Mark Carney was returned to government with a slightly improved minority mandate. The parliament's legislative session commenced on May 26, 2025, with the unprecedented event of a prime minister taking a seat in parliament for the first time.
The 45th Parliament is currently in its first session:
| Session | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | May 26, 2025[2] | In process |
Overview
The Constitution Act, 1867, which forms the basis of Canada’s written constitution, prescribes provides that federal legislature be of three parts: the Canadian Monarch (normally represented by the Governor General), the appointed Senate and the elected House of Commons. As a modern democracy shaped by Westminster tradition, the House of Commons is the dominant part in reality, and for a large portion of the population, the only part that is of relevance.
This parliament however, uniquely drew the nation's attention to the monarch, even if only briefly, as it was opened personally by Charles III, King of Canada, on May 27, 2025, during his first royal visit to Canada as its sovereign.[3][4] This was only the second time in Canadian history that the reigning monarch had opened parliament, the other occasion being his mother Elizabeth II opening the 23rd Canadian Parliament in 1957. It was the third time in Canadian history the sovereign had personally read the Speech from the Throne, the second time also being Elizabeth II doing so at the opening of the third session of the 30th Canadian Parliament in 1977.[5]
Redistribution
Canada's Constitution mandate reviews of electoral divisions following each decennial census to reflect changes and movements in population. This parliament is the first one seated in accordance to the 2023 Representation Orders[6] determined based on the 2021 census, which expanded the House of Commons by five seats (1 in British Columbia, 3 in Alberta, and 1 in Ontario).[7]
Partisan realignment
The 2025 election shifted Canadian electoral dynamic significantly toward the two largest parties. The governing Liberals and opposition Conservatives both secured record-level support not seen since the 1980s, exceeding the support levels that won each party their most recent majority mandates (2011 for the Conservatives, 2015 for the Liberals). It was the first time since the 1930 election that both parties secured over 40% popular support. The government and the official opposition together occupy more than 90% of the seats in the 45th parliament, a situation that had not happened since the 24th Parliament was elected in 1958, when the Diefenbaker Conservative won 78% of the seats and the Pearson Liberals held 18%.
The gains made by the Conservatives and Liberals came at the expense of the smaller parties, in particular the New Democratic Party, which had its worst result in history both in seat counts and in popular support, and was the only one of the five parliamentary parties to experience decline in vote shares in all 343 electoral districts across the country.
Throughout 2023 and 2024, polls suggested that the Conservative party had made massive gains over the Liberals (at one point showing them ahead by 20 points), leading to speculation that they were in a position to win a majority government.[8] The resignation of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and subsequent election of Mark Carney as Liberal leader initiated a wave of support for the party. In the months leading up to the 2025 election, the Liberals took the lead, draining support from the Conservatives, New Democrats, and the BLOC.[9] Research from Angus Reid done before the 2025 election reported that 62% of Conservatives and 52% of New Democrats who intended to switch their vote to the Liberals cited Mark Carney as one of the top two reasons for their change of heart. Approximately 51% of New Democratic Party supporters who said that they planned to vote Liberal listed "Liberals represent the best chance to stop the Conservatives from winning" as one of their top two reasons for switching. A large number of Conservative and NDP switchers also ranked "Donald Trump's Stance towards Canada including annexation and tariffs" highly.[10]
Rookies and Veterans
This parliament's 113 first-time MPs is the largest class of new intake without a change of government, exceeding previous record of 105 new MPs elected in 2011 to the 41th Parliament when incumbent Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper gained a majority mandate, though it is slightly smaller in proportion to the total size of the house (33%, vs 34% elected to the 41th Parliament) . The class of 2025 is also unique in that it counts a siting prime minister within its rank. First time MPs makes up of 39% of the Liberal caucus, 31% of the Conservative caucus, and 9% of the Bloc caucus.
This parliament has one of the smallest group of veterans who have served in Parliament while a different party was in power. Only 38 MPs returned in the general election, plus opposition leader Pierre Poilievre who regained a seat through a byelection a few months later, were first elected prior to the 2015 general election that brought the Justin Trudeau led Liberals to power. 24 Conservatives and Bloc MP Louis Plamondon have sat on the government side during their parliamentary career, while 11 Liberals have spend time on the opposition bench with 2 NDP MPs and Green leader Elizabeth May.
| First sitting | 33rd | 35th | 36th | 37th | 38th | 39th | 40th | 41st | 42nd | 43rd | 44th | 45th | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General election | 1984 | 1993 | 1997 | 2000 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2011 | 2015 | 2019 | 2021 | 2025 | ||
| Lib | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 53 | 19 | 20 | 66 | 169 | ||
| CPC | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 31 | 27 | 18 | 45 | 144 | ||||
| NDP | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7 | |||||||
| BQ | 1 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 22 | ||||||||
| Green | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 13 | 92 | 60 | 40 | 113 | 343 | |
Party standings
| Affiliation | House members | Senate members | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 election results |
Present | +/– | On election day 2025 |
Present | +/– | ||
| Liberal | 169 | 171 | 2 | – | – | ||
| Conservative | 144 | 142 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | |
| Bloc Québécois | 22 | 22 | – | – | |||
| New Democratic | 7 | 7 | – | – | |||
| Green | 1 | 1 | – | – | |||
| Independent Senators Group | – | – | 45 | 42 | 3 | ||
| Canadian Senators Group | – | – | 18 | 19 | 1 | ||
| Progressive Senate Group | – | – | 18 | 16 | 2 | ||
| Government Representative’s Office | – | – | – | 5 | 5 | ||
| Independent or non-affiliated | – | – | 12 | 3 | 9 | ||
| Total members | 343 | 343 | 105 | 99 | 6 | ||
| Vacant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 | ||
| Total seats | 343 | – | 105 | – | |||
Major events
Floor-crossings, resignations, and potential majority
On MP November 4th, 2025, MP Chris d'Entremont crossed the floor from the Conservative party to the Liberal party.[11] Two days later, after media speculation that he was preparing to cross the floor, Conservative MP Matt Jeneroux announced that he would resign from the House of Commons in the coming spring. Liberal sources confirmed that Jeneroux had met with the Prime Minister the week prior, but Jeneroux claimed that coercion played no role in his resignation.
On December 11th, Conservative MP Michael Ma crossed the floor to join the liberal caucus. This brought the Liberals to 171 seats out of 343, only 1 seat short of a majority. Following Ma's announcement, media speculation, encourage by the Liberals, suggested that there was a possibility of more floor-crossings to come.
If another MP were to join the Liberals, this would represent the first time in Canadian history that a majority of seats had been gained in this manner. However, in order to maintain impartiality, when faced with a tie, custom dictates that the Speaker of the House of Commons' tie-breaking vote must be cast to allow the continuation of debate, or to maintain the status quo, as iterated by Speaker Peter Milliken when breaking a tie in 2005[12]. If this custom were to be followed, Liberal speaker Francis Scarpaleggia would not be capable of causing votes to pass, and the Liberals would need 1 additional vote to act on their majority.
Timeline
2025
- 28 April – In the 45th Canadian federal election, the incumbent Liberal Party wins the most seats in the House of Commons, but fails to reach a majority government.
- 13 May – The new Ministry is sworn in, overseen by Governor General Mary Simon.
- 26 May – The election of the Honourable Francis Scarpaleggia as Speaker of the House of Commons.
- 27 May – Opening of the 45th Parliament and the Speech from the Throne, delivered by Charles III, King of Canada.[13]
- 2 June - Carney's government loses non-binding motion by 166 to 164 that it present a budget before the House of Commons rises for summer vacation on 20 June.[14][15] Carney and Champagne had announced their plans not to produce a budget before the Speech from the Throne, if not later.[16]
- 5 June - Carney government wins approval of motion in support of the Speech from the Throne, without recorded division.[17] The NDP said it planned not to support the motion,[17] but support from the Bloc Québécois had been guaranteed since 29 April.[18]
- 18 August – Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre is elected as the new member for Battle River—Crowfoot following a by-election.
- 16 September – University—Rosedale MP Chrystia Freeland resigns as a Cabinet minister and announces that she will not seek re-election at the next federal election. Carney then shuffles his Cabinet.
- 4 November – Acadie—Annapolis MP Chris d'Entremont, from Nova Scotia, crosses the floor from the Conservative Party to the Liberal Party in order to support the government's budget.[11]
- 6 November - Matt Jeneroux announced his resignation as the Conservative Party MP for Edmonton Riverbend, remaining in the House until Spring 2026.[19]
- 17 November – The federal budget passes by a vote of 170 to 168, with 4 absentions and 1 absence.
- 27 November – Laurier—Sainte-Marie MP Steven Guilbeault resigns as a Cabinet minister.
- 1 December – Carney conducts a minor Cabinet shuffle.
- 11 December – Markham—Unionville MP Michael Ma, from Ontario, crosses the floor from the Conservative Party to the Liberal Party.[20]
Legislation and motions
Acts which received Royal Assent
| Date of Assent | Title | Bill # |
|---|---|---|
| June 26, 2025. | An Act to amend the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Act (supply management)[21] | C-202 |
| An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026[22] | C-6 | |
| An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026[23] | C-7 | |
| An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (One Canadian Economy Act)[24] | C-5 | |
| November 20, 2025 | An Act to amend the Citizenship Act (2025)[25] | C-3 |
| An Act to authorize Gore Mutual Insurance Company to apply to be continued as a body corporate under the laws of the Province of Quebec | S-1001 | |
| December 11, 2025 | An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026[26] | C-17 |
Parliamentarians
House of Commons
Party leaders are italicized. Cabinet ministers are in boldface. The prime minister is both.
† Member has served non-consecutive terms in parliament
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
| Name | Party | Electoral district | First elected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grant Jackson | Conservative | Brandon—Souris | April 28, 2025 | |
| Rebecca Chartrand | Liberal | Churchill—Keewatinook Aski | April 28, 2025 | |
| Colin Reynolds | Conservative | Elmwood—Transcona | April 28, 2025 | |
| Raquel Dancho | Conservative | Kildonan—St. Paul | October 21, 2019 | |
| Branden Leslie | Conservative | Portage—Lisgar | June 19, 2023 | |
| Ted Falk | Conservative | Provencher | November 25, 2013 | |
| Dan Mazier | Conservative | Riding Mountain | October 21, 2019 | |
| James Bezan | Conservative | Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman | June 28, 2004 | |
| Ginette Lavack | Liberal | St. Boniface—St. Vital | April 28, 2025 | |
| Leah Gazan | NDP | Winnipeg Centre | October 21, 2019 | |
| Kevin Lamoureux | Liberal | Winnipeg North | November 29, 2010 | |
| Terry Duguid | Liberal | Winnipeg South | October 19, 2015 | |
| Ben Carr | Liberal | Winnipeg South Centre | June 19, 2023 | |
| Doug Eyolfson† | Liberal | Winnipeg West | October 19, 2015 |
New Brunswick
| Name | Party | Electoral district | First elected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serge Cormier | Liberal | Acadie—Bathurst | October 19, 2015 | |
| Dominic LeBlanc | Liberal | Beauséjour | November 27, 2000 | |
| David Myles | Liberal | Fredericton—Oromocto | April 28, 2025 | |
| Rob Moore† | Conservative | Fundy Royal | June 28, 2004 | |
| Guillaume Deschênes-Thériault | Liberal | Madawaska—Restigouche | April 28, 2025 | |
| Michael Dawson | Conservative | Miramichi—Grand Lake | April 28, 2025 | |
| Ginette Petitpas Taylor | Liberal | Moncton—Dieppe | October 19, 2015 | |
| Wayne Long | Liberal | Saint John—Kennebecasis | October 19, 2015 | |
| John Williamson† | Conservative | Saint John—St. Croix | May 2, 2011 | |
| Richard Bragdon | Conservative | Tobique—Mactaquac | October 21, 2019 |
Newfoundland and Labrador
| Name | Party | Electoral district | First elected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paul Connors | Liberal | Avalon | April 28, 2025 | |
| Tom Osborne | Liberal | Cape Spear | April 28, 2025 | |
| Clifford Small | Conservative | Central Newfoundland | September 20, 2021 | |
| Philip Earle | Liberal | Labrador | April 28, 2025 | |
| Carol Anstey | Conservative | Long Range Mountains | April 28, 2025 | |
| Joanne Thompson | Liberal | St. John's East | September 20, 2021 | |
| Jonathan Rowe | Conservative | Terra Nova—The Peninsulas | April 28, 2025 |
Nova Scotia
| Name | Party | Electoral district | First elected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chris d'Entremont | Conservative | Acadie—Annapolis | October 21, 2019 | |
| Liberal[a] | ||||
| Jaime Battiste | Liberal | Cape Breton—Canso—Antigonish | October 21, 2019 | |
| Sean Fraser | Liberal | Central Nova | October 19, 2015 | |
| Alana Hirtle | Liberal | Cumberland—Colchester | April 28, 2025 | |
| Darren Fisher | Liberal | Dartmouth—Cole Harbour | October 19, 2015 | |
| Shannon Miedema | Liberal | Halifax | April 28, 2025 | |
| Lena Diab | Liberal | Halifax West | September 20, 2021 | |
| Kody Blois | Liberal | Kings—Hants | October 21, 2019 | |
| Braedon Clark | Liberal | Sackville—Bedford—Preston | April 28, 2025 | |
| Jessica Fancy-Landry | Liberal | South Shore—St. Margaret's | April 28, 2025 | |
| Mike Kelloway | Liberal | Sydney—Glace Bay | October 21, 2019 |
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
| Name | Party | Electoral district | First elected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kent MacDonald | Liberal | Cardigan | April 28, 2025 | |
| Sean Casey | Liberal | Charlottetown | May 2, 2011 | |
| Bobby Morrissey | Liberal | Egmont | October 19, 2015 | |
| Heath MacDonald | Liberal | Malpeque | September 20, 2021 |
Quebec
Saskatchewan
| Name | Party | Electoral district | First elected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rosemarie Falk | Conservative | Battlefords—Lloydminster—Meadow Lake | December 11, 2017 | |
| Kelly Block | Conservative | Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek | October 14, 2008 | |
| Buckley Belanger | Liberal | Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River | April 28, 2025 | |
| Fraser Tolmie | Conservative | Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan | September 20, 2021 | |
| Randy Hoback | Conservative | Prince Albert | October 14, 2008 | |
| Warren Steinley | Conservative | Regina—Lewvan | October 21, 2019 | |
| Andrew Scheer | Conservative | Regina—Qu'Appelle | June 28, 2004 | |
| Michael Kram | Conservative | Regina—Wascana | October 21, 2019 | |
| Kevin Waugh | Conservative | Saskatoon South | October 19, 2015 | |
| Brad Redekopp | Conservative | Saskatoon West | October 21, 2019 | |
| Corey Tochor | Conservative | Saskatoon—University | October 21, 2019 | |
| Steven Bonk | Conservative | Souris—Moose Mountain | April 28, 2025 | |
| Jeremy Patzer | Conservative | Swift Current—Grasslands—Kindersley | October 21, 2019 | |
| Cathay Wagantall | Conservative | Yorkton—Melville | October 19, 2015 |
The Territories
| Name | Party | Electoral district | First elected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rebecca Alty | Liberal | Northwest Territories | April 28, 2025 | |
| Lori Idlout | NDP | Nunavut | September 20, 2021 | |
| Brendan Hanley | Liberal | Yukon | September 20, 2021 |
Senate
| Name[27] | Senate affiliation | Province or territory (Senate division)[28] | Date nominated | Appointed on the advice of | Mandatory retirement | Titles | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pierrette Ringuette | ISG | NB | 2002-12-12 | Chrétien | 2030-12-31 | |||
| Percy Downe | CSG | PE | 2003-06-26 | Chrétien | 2029-07-08 | Liaison (whip) of the CSG | ||
| Michael L. MacDonald | CPC | NS | 2009-01-02 | Harper | 2030-05-04 | |||
| Yonah Martin | CPC | BC | 2009-01-02 | Harper | 2040-04-11 | Deputy Opposition Leader | ||
| Pamela Wallin | CSG | SK | 2009-01-02 | Harper | 2028-04-10 | |||
| Patrick Brazeau | NA | QC (Repentigny) | 2009-01-08 | Harper | 2049-11-11 | |||
| Leo Housakos | CPC | QC (Wellington) | 2009-01-08 | Harper | 2043-01-10 | Leader of the Opposition in the Senate [c] | ||
| Claude Carignan | CPC | QC (Mille Isles) | 2009-08-27 | Harper | 2039-12-04 | [d] | ||
| Elizabeth Marshall | CPC | NL | 2010-01-29 | Harper | 2026-09-07 | |||
| Rose-May Poirier | CPC | NB | 2010-02-28 | Harper | 2029-03-02 | |||
| Salma Ataullahjan | CPC | ON | 2010-07-09 | Harper | 2027-04-29 | Opposition Whip | ||
| Fabian Manning | CPC | NL | 2011-05-25 | Harper | 2039-05-21 | |||
| Larry Smith | CPC | QC (Saurel) | 2011-05-25 | Harper | 2026-04-28 | |||
| Josée Verner | CSG | QC (Montarville) | 2011-06-13 | Harper | 2034-12-30 | |||
| Denise Batters | CPC | SK | 2013-01-25 | Harper | 2045-06-18 | Chair of the Conservative Caucus | ||
| David Wells | CPC | NL | 2013-01-25 | Harper | 2037-02-28 | |||
| Scott Tannas | CSG | AB | 2013-03-25 | Harper | 2037-02-25 | Leader of the CSG | ||
| Peter Harder | PSG | ON | 2016-03-23 | Trudeau, J. | 2027-08-25 | [e] | ||
| Raymonde Gagné | NA | MB | 2016-04-01 | Trudeau, J. | 2031-01-07 | Speaker of the Senate | ||
| Chantal Petitclerc | ISG | QC (Grandville) | 2016-04-01 | Trudeau, J. | 2044-12-15 | Chair of ISG Deliberations | ||
| Wanda Thomas Bernard | PSG | NS | 2016-11-10 | Trudeau, J. | 2028-08-01 | |||
| Gwen Boniface | ISG | ON | 2016-11-10 | Trudeau, J. | 2030-08-05 | |||
| René Cormier | ISG | NB | 2016-11-10 | Trudeau, J. | 2031-04-27 | Speaker pro tempore | ||
| Tony Dean | ISG | ON | 2016-11-10 | Trudeau, J. | 2028-08-19 | |||
| Marilou McPhedran | NA | MB | 2016-11-10 | Trudeau, J. | 2026-07-22 | |||
| Lucie Moncion | ISG | ON | 2016-11-10 | Trudeau, J. | 2033-10-25 | |||
| Kim Pate | ISG | ON | 2016-11-10 | Trudeau, J. | 2034-11-10 | |||
| Yuen Pau Woo | ISG | BC | 2016-11-10 | Trudeau, J. | 2038-03-02 | [f] | ||
| Éric Forest | ISG | QC (Gulf) | 2016-11-21 | Trudeau, J. | 2027-04-06 | |||
| Raymonde Saint-Germain | ISG | QC (De la Vallière) | 2016-11-25 | Trudeau, J. | 2026-10-07 | Facilitator of the ISG | ||
| Rosa Galvez | ISG | QC (Bedford) | 2016-12-06 | Trudeau, J. | 2036-06-21 | |||
| David Richards | CPC | NB | 2017-08-30 | Trudeau, J. | 2025-10-17 | |||
| Mary Coyle | ISG | NS | 2017-12-04 | Trudeau, J. | 2029-11-05 | |||
| Mary Jane McCallum | CPC | MB | 2017-12-04 | Trudeau, J. | 2027-05-01 | |||
| Robert Black | CSG | ON | 2018-02-15 | Trudeau, J. | 2037-03-27 | |||
| Marty Deacon | ISG | ON | 2018-02-15 | Trudeau, J. | 2033-04-23 | |||
| Yvonne Boyer | ISG | ON | 2018-03-15 | Trudeau, J. | 2028-10-25 | |||
| Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia | ISG | NL | 2018-06-01 | Trudeau, J. | 2032-08-15 | |||
| Pierre Dalphond | PSG | QC (De Lorimier) | 2018-06-06 | Trudeau, J. | 2029-05-01 | |||
| Donna Dasko | ISG | ON | 2018-06-06 | Trudeau, J. | 2026-08-19 | |||
| Colin Deacon | CSG | NS | 2018-06-15 | Trudeau, J. | 2034-11-01 | |||
| Julie Miville-Dechêne | PSG | QC (Inkerman) | 2018-06-20 | Trudeau, J. | 2034-07-10 | |||
| Bev Busson | ISG | BC | 2018-09-24 | Trudeau, J. | 2026-08-23 | |||
| Marty Klyne | PSG | SK | 2018-09-24 | Trudeau, J. | 2032-03-06 | |||
| Peter Boehm | ISG | ON | 2018-10-03 | Trudeau, J. | 2029-04-26 | |||
| Patti LaBoucane-Benson | NA | AB | 2018-10-03 | Trudeau, J. | 2044-02-20 | Deputy Gov. Representative | ||
| Paula Simons | ISG | AB | 2018-10-03 | Trudeau, J. | 2039-09-07 | |||
| Brian Francis | PSG | PE | 2018-10-11 | Trudeau, J. | 2032-09-28 | Leader of the PSG | ||
| Dawn Anderson | PSG | NT | 2018-12-12 | Trudeau, J. | 2042-04-14 | |||
| Pat Duncan | ISG | YT | 2018-12-12 | Trudeau, J. | 2035-04-08 | |||
| Stan Kutcher | ISG | NS | 2018-12-12 | Trudeau, J. | 2026-12-16 | |||
| Rosemary Moodie | ISG | ON | 2018-12-12 | Trudeau, J. | 2031-11-24 | |||
| Tony Loffreda | ISG | QC (Shawinegan) | 2019-07-22 | Trudeau, J. | 2037-08-14 | |||
| Bernadette Clement | ISG | ON | 2021-06-22 | Trudeau, J. | 2040-05-17 | Deputy Facilitator of the ISG | ||
| Jim Quinn | CSG | NB | 2021-06-22 | Trudeau, J. | 2032-01-25 | |||
| Hassan Yussuff | ISG | ON | 2021-06-22 | Trudeau, J. | 2031-12-15 | |||
| David Arnot | ISG | SK | 2021-07-29 | Trudeau, J. | 2027-04-16 | ISG Legislative Liaison | ||
| Michèle Audette | PSG | QC (De Salaberry) | 2021-07-29 | Trudeau, J. | 2046-07-20 | |||
| Amina Gerba | PSG | QC (Rigaud) | 2021-07-29 | Trudeau, J. | 2036-03-14 | Liaison (whip) of the PSG | ||
| Clément Gignac | CSG | QC (Kennebec) | 2021-07-29 | Trudeau, J. | 2030-05-07 | |||
| Karen Sorensen | ISG | AB | 2021-07-29 | Trudeau, J. | 2034-05-20 | |||
| Flordeliz (Gigi) Osler | CSG | MB | 2022-09-26 | Trudeau, J. | 2043-09-09 | Chair of the CSG | ||
| Margo Greenwood | ISG | BC | 2022-11-10 | Trudeau, J. | 2028-09-02 | |||
| Sharon Burey | CSG | ON | 2022-11-21 | Trudeau, J. | 2032-12-04 | |||
| Andrew Cardozo | PSG | ON | 2022-11-21 | Trudeau, J. | 2031-03-21 | |||
| Rebecca Patterson | CSG | ON | 2022-11-21 | Trudeau, J. | 2040-06-15 | Deputy Leader of the CSG | ||
| Jane MacAdam | ISG | PE | 2023-05-03 | Trudeau, J. | 2032-03-01 | |||
| Iris Petten | NA | NL | 2023-05-03 | Trudeau, J. | 2034-02-05 | Gov. Liaison (whip) | ||
| Paul (PJ) Prosper | CSG | NS | 2023-07-06 | Trudeau, J. | 2039-11-04 | |||
| Judy White | PSG | NL | 2023-07-06 | Trudeau, J. | 2039-01-11 | Deputy Leader of the PSG | ||
| Réjean Aucoin | CSG | NS | 2023-10-31 | Trudeau, J. | 2030-07-04 | |||
| Rodger Cuzner | PSG | NS | 2023-10-31 | Trudeau, J. | 2030-11-04 | |||
| Joan Kingston | ISG | NB | 2023-10-31 | Trudeau, J. | 2030-01-08 | |||
| John McNair | ISG | NB | 2023-10-31 | Trudeau, J. | 2032-06-03 | |||
| Krista Ross | CSG | NB | 2023-10-31 | Trudeau, J. | 2042-09-30 | Deputy Liaison (whip) of the CSG | ||
| Marnie McBean | ISG | ON | 2023-12-20 | Trudeau, J. | 2043-01-28 | |||
| Paulette Senior | ISG | ON | 2023-12-20 | Trudeau, J. | 2036-12-04 | |||
| Toni Varone | ISG | ON | 2023-12-20 | Trudeau, J. | 2033-06-20 | |||
| Mary Robinson | CSG | PE | 2024-01-22 | Trudeau, J. | 2045-08-03 | |||
| Mohammad Al Zaibak | CSG | ON | 2024-01-28 | Trudeau, J. | 2026-08-09 | |||
| Manuelle Oudar | ISG | QC (La Salle) | 2024-02-13 | Trudeau, J. | 2038-07-05 | |||
| Victor Boudreau | ISG | NB | 2024-06-28 | Trudeau, J. | 2045-05-03 | |||
| Charles Adler | CSG | MB | 2024-08-16 | Trudeau, J. | 2029-08-25 | |||
| Tracy Muggli | PSG | SK | 2024-08-16 | Trudeau, J. | 2040-09-18 | Deputy Liaison (whip) and Caucus Chair of the PSG | ||
| Daryl Fridhandler | PSG | AB | 2024-08-30 | Trudeau, J. | 2031-10-09 | |||
| Kristopher Wells | PSG | AB | 2024-08-30 | Trudeau, J. | 2046-10-07 | |||
| Pierre Moreau | NA | QC (The Laurentides) | 2024-09-10 | Trudeau, J. | 2032-12-12 | Government Representative | ||
| Suze Youance | ISG | QC (Lauzon) | 2024-09-25 | Trudeau, J. | 2045-08-11 | |||
| Nancy Karetak-Lindell | ISG | NU | 2024-12-19 | Trudeau, J. | 2032-12-10 | |||
| Allister Surette | ISG | NS | 2024-12-19 | Trudeau, J. | 2036-09-21 | |||
| Baltej Dhillon | ISG | BC | 2025-02-07 | Trudeau, J. | 2041-11-13 | |||
| Martine Hébert | ISG | QC (Victoria) | 2025-02-07 | Trudeau, J. | 2040-10-07 | |||
| Todd Lewis | CSG | SK | 2025-02-07 | Trudeau, J. | 2036-07-21 | |||
| Danièle Henkel | PSG | QC (Alma) | 2025-02-14 | Trudeau, J. | 2031-01-16 | |||
| Duncan Wilson | PSG | BC | 2025-02-28 | Trudeau, J. | 2042-09-26 | |||
| Dawn Arnold | ISG | NB | 2025-03-07 | Trudeau, J. | 2041-04-23 | |||
| Katherine Hay | PSG | ON | 2025-03-07 | Trudeau, J. | 2036-01-16 | |||
| Tony Ince | CSG | NS | 2025-03-07 | Trudeau, J. | 2032-12-16 | |||
| Farah Mohamed | ISG | ON | 2025-03-07 | Trudeau, J. | 2045-07-05 | |||
| Sandra Pupatello | CSG | ON | 2025-03-07 | Trudeau, J. | 2037-10-06 | |||
Committees
House of Commons[29]
| Committee | Chair | Vice Chairs |
|---|---|---|
| Veterans Affairs | Marie-France Lalonde (LPC) | Blake Richards (CPC) |
| Agriculture and Agri-Food | Michael Coteau (LPC) | John Barlow (CPC)
Yves Perron (BQ) |
| Canadian Heritage | Lisa Hepfner (LPC) | Rachael Thomas (CPC)
Martin Champoux (BQ) |
| International Trade | Hon. Judy A. Sgro (LPC) | Adam Chambers (CPC) |
| Citizenship and Immigration | Julie Dzerowicz (LPC) | Hon. Michelle Rempel Garner (CPC) |
| Environment and Sustainable Development | Angelo Iacono (LPC) | Ellis Ross (CPC)
Patrick Bonin (BQ) |
| Access to Information, Privacy, and Ethics | John Brassard (CPC) | Linda Lapointe (LPC)
Luc Thériault (BQ) |
| Status of Women | Marilyn Gladu (CPC) | Emmanuella Lambropoulos (LPC)
Andréanne Larouche (BQ) |
| Foreign Affairs and International Development | Hon. Ahmed Hussen (LPC) | Hon. Michael Chong (CPC) |
| Finance | Hon. Karina Gould (LPC) | Jasraj Singh Hallan (CPC)
Jean-Denis Garon (BQ) |
| Fisheries and Oceans | Patrick Weiler (LPC) | Mel Arnold (CPC)
Alexis Deschênes (BQ) |
| Health | Hon. Hedy Fry (LPC) | Dan Mazier (CPC)
Luc Theriault (BQ) |
| Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities | Bobby Morrissey (LPC) | Rosemarie Falk (CPC)
Marilène Gill (BQ) |
| Indigenous and Northern Affairs | Terry Sheehan (LPC) | Jamie Schmale (CPC)
Sebastian Lemire (BQ) |
| Industry and Technology | Ben Carr (LPC) | Raquel Dancho (CPC)
Gabriel Ste-Marie (BQ) |
| Justice and Human Rights | Hon. Marc Miller (LPC) | Larry Brock (CPC)
Rhéal Fortin (BQ) |
| Official Languages | Yvan Baker (LPC) | Joël Godin (CPC)
Mario Beaulieu (BQ) |
| National Defence | Charles Sousa (LPC) | James Bezan (CPC) |
| Government Operations and Estimates | Kelly McCauley (CPC) | Iqwinder Gaheer (LPC) |
| Public Accounts | John Williamson (CPC) | Jean Yip (LPC)
Sébastien Lemire (BQ) |
| Procedure and House Affairs | Chris Bittle (LPC) | Michael Cooper (CPC)
Christine Normandin (BQ) |
| Natural Resources | Hon. Terry Duguid (LPC) | Shannon Stubbs (CPC)
Mario Simard (BQ) |
| Public Safety and National Security | Hon. Jean-Yves Duclos (LPC) | Frank Caputo (CPC) |
| Science and Research | Salma Zahid (LPC) | Tony Baldinelli (CPC) |
| Transport, Infrastructure, and Communities | Peter Schiefke (LPC) | Dan Albas (CPC) |
Joint Committees
| Committee | Joint Chairs | Vice Chair (s) |
|---|---|---|
| Library of Parliament | Hon. Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia
MP Angelo Iacono (LPC) |
MP Louis Plamondon (BQ) |
| Scrutiny of Regulations | Hon. Yuen Pau Woo
MP Dan Albas (CPC) |
Tim Louis (LPC)
Denis Trudel (BQ) |
Senate[30]
| Committee | Chair (s) | Deputy Chair (s) |
|---|---|---|
| Foreign Affairs and International Relations | Peter M. Boehm (ISG) | Peter Harder (PSG) |
| Agriculture and Forestry | Robert Black (CSG) | John M. McNair (ISG) |
| Audit and Oversight | Marty Klyne (PSG) | David M. Wells (CPC) Colin Deacon (CSG) Tony Loffreda (ISG) |
| Indigenous Peoples | Michèle Audette (PSG) | Margo Greenwood (ISG) |
| Banking, Commerce, and the Economy | Clément Gignac (CSG) | Toni Varone (ISG) |
| Internal Economy, Budgets, and Administration | Lucie Moncion (ISG) | Claude Carignan (CPC) Danièle Henkel (PSG) Jim Quinn (CSG) |
| Ethics and Conflict of Interest for Senators | Judith Seidman (CPC) | Peter Harder (PSG) |
| Energy, the Environment, and Natural Resources | Pat Duncan (ISG) | Josée Verner (CSG) |
| Legal and Constitutional Affairs | David Arnot (ISG) | Denise Batters (CPC) |
| National Finance | Claude Carignan (CPC) | Éric Forest (ISG) |
| Official Languages | Allister Surette (ISG) | Rose-May Poirier (CPC) |
| Fisheries and Oceans | Fabian Manning (CPC) | Bev Busson (ISG) |
| Human Rights | Paulette Senior (ISG) | Wanda Thomas Bernard (PSG) |
| Rules, Procedures, and Rights of Parliament | Pierre Dalphond (PSG) | Denise Batters (CPC) Stan Kutcher (ISG) Percy Downe (CSG) Pierrette Ringuette (ISG) |
| National Security, Defence and Veterans Affairs | Hassan Yussuff (ISG) | Mohammad Al Zaibak (CSG) |
| Selection | Michael L. MacDonald (CPC) | Chantal Petitclerc (ISG) |
| Social Affairs, Science and Technology | Rosemary Moodie (ISG) | Gigi Osler (CSG) |
| Transport and Communications | Larry Smith (CPC) | Donna Dasko (ISG) |
Ministry
The 30th Canadian Ministry began near the end of the 42nd Canadian Parliament.
Officeholders
House of Commons
Presiding officer
| Office | Photo | Party | Officer | Riding | Since |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speaker of the House of Commons | Liberal | Francis Scarpaleggia | Lac-Saint-Louis | 26 May 2025 |
Government leadership (Liberal)
| Office | Photo | Officer | Riding | Since |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leader | Mark Carney | Nepean | 9 March 2025 | |
| House Leader | Steven MacKinnon | Gatineau | 13 May 2025 | |
| Whip | Mark Gerretsen | Kingston and the Islands | 14 May 2025 | |
| Caucus Chair | James Maloney | Etobicoke—Lakeshore | May 2025 |
Opposition leadership (Conservative)
| Office | Photo | Officer | Riding | Since |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leader | Pierre Poilievre | Battle River—Crowfoot | 18 August 2025 | |
| Deputy Leaders | Melissa Lantsman | Thornhill | 10 September 2022 | |
| Tim Uppal | Edmonton Gateway | |||
| House Leader | Andrew Scheer | Regina—Qu'Appelle | 13 September 2022 | |
| Deputy House Leader | Luc Berthold | Mégantic—L'Érable—Lotbinière | 13 September 2022 | |
| Whip | Chris Warkentin | Grande Prairie | 21 May 2025 | |
| Deputy Whip | Rob Moore | Fundy Royal | 21 May 2025 | |
| Question period Coordinator | Eric Duncan | Stormont—Dundas—Glengarry | 21 May 2025 | |
| Caucus Chair | Scott Reid | Lanark—Frontenac | 13 September 2022 | |
| Caucus Party Liaison | Warren Steinley | Regina—Lewvan | 21 May 2025 | |
| Committee Coordinator | John Brassard | Barrie South—Innisfil | 21 May 2025 | |
| Quebec Lieutenant | Pierre Paul-Hus | Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles | 13 September 2022 |
Senate
Presiding officer
| Office | Photo | Party | Officer | Province | Since |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speaker of the Senate | Non-affiliated | Raymonde Gagné | Manitoba | 12 May 2023 | |
| Speaker pro tempore | Independent Senators Group | René Cormier | New Brunswick | 5 June 2025 |
Government leadership (non-affiliated)
| Office | Officer | Province | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government Representative in the Senate | Pierre Moreau | Quebec | 18 July 2025 |
| Legislative Deputy to the Government Representative in the Senate | Patti LaBoucane-Benson | Alberta | N/A |
| Government Liaison in the Senate | Iris Petten | Newfoundland and Labrador | 5 September 2024 |
Opposition leadership (Conservative)
| Office | Photo | Officer | Province | Since |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leader of the Opposition | Leo Housakos | Quebec | 14 May 2025 | |
| Deputy leader of the Opposition | Yonah Martin | British Columbia | November 2015 | |
| Whip of the Opposition | Judith Seidman | Quebec | N/A | |
| Caucus Chair | Denise Batters | Saskatchewan | N/A |
Changes to party standings
House of Commons
By-elections
| Seat | Before | Change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Member | Party | Reason | Date | Member | Party | |
| Battle River—Crowfoot | 17 June 2025 | Damien Kurek | █ Conservative | Resigned to provide a seat for Pierre Poilievre | 18 August 2025 | Pierre Poilievre | █ Conservative |
Floor-crossings
| Seat | Before | Change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Member | Party | Reason | Date | Member | Party | |
| Acadie—Annapolis | 4 November 2025 | Chris d'Entremont | █ Conservative | Left caucus to join the Liberal Party government caucus.[31][11] | █ Liberal | ||
| Markham—Unionville | 11 December 2025 | Michael Ma | █ Conservative | Left caucus to join the Liberal Party government caucus.[20] | █ Liberal | ||
Membership changes
| Number of members per party by date |
2025 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 28 | Jun 17 | Aug 18 | Nov 4 | Dec 11 | |||
| Liberal | 169 | 170 | 171 | ||||
| Conservative | 144 | 143 | 144 | 143 | 142 | ||
| Bloc Québécois | 22 | ||||||
| New Democratic | 7 | ||||||
| Green | 1 | ||||||
| Independent | 0 | ||||||
| Total members | 343 | 342 | 343 | ||||
| Government Majority | –5 | –4 | –5 | –3 | –1 | ||
| Vacant | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Senate
| Date | ISG | CSG | PSG | CPC | NA | Vac. | Tot. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-04-28 | 45 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 105 |
| 2025-05-13 | 19 | 11 | |||||
| 2025-05-14 | 11 | 1 | |||||
| 2025-05-20 | 20 | 10 | |||||
| 2025-05-26 | 21 | 9 | |||||
| 2025-06-03 | 46 | 8 | |||||
| 2025-06-04 | 12 | 7 | |||||
| 2025-06-10 | 13 | 6 | |||||
| 2025-06-11 | 20 | 14 | |||||
| 2025-06-30 | 5 | 2 | |||||
| 2025-07-18 | 17 | 6 | |||||
| 2025-08-01 | 45 | 18 | |||||
| 2025-09-01 | 13 | 3 | |||||
| 2025-09-05 | 46 | 17 | |||||
| 2025-09-09 | 45 | 4 | |||||
| 2025-09-21 | 44 | 5 | |||||
| 2025-09-23 | 43 | 7 | |||||
| 2025-09-25 | 19 | 8 | |||||
| 2025-10-09 | 16 | 14 | |||||
| 2025-10-17 | 13 | 6 | |||||
| 2025-11-15 | 42 | 7 |
See also
- 2025 Speech from the Throne
- Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 45th Parliament of Canada
- Women in the 45th Canadian Parliament
Notes
- ^ Chris d'Entremont left the Conservative Party to join the Liberal Party on 4 November, 2025.
- ^ Michael Ma left the Conservative Party to join the Liberal Party on 11 December, 2025.
- ^ former speaker of the Senate of Canada
- ^ former government representative in the Senate and former leader of the opposition in the Senate (Canada)
- ^ former representative of the Government in the Senate
- ^ former facilitator of the ISG
References
- ^ "Canada Votes 2025". CBC Canada Votes 2025. 2025-04-29. Retrieved 2025-04-29.
- ^ Government of Canada. "Parliaments – Duration of Sessions". ParlInfo. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved November 4, 2007.
- ^ "King Charles will visit Ottawa to give May 27 throne speech". The Toronto Star. May 2, 2025. Archived from the original on May 2, 2025. Retrieved May 2, 2025.
- ^ Woods, Micheal; Davison, Janet (2025-05-02). "King Charles will visit Canada, deliver throne speech to open Parliament". CBC News. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
- ^ McFater, Madison (May 3, 2025). "What is a throne speech? Why King Charles will deliver just Canada's third one by a reigning monarch". The National Post. Retrieved May 3, 2025.
- ^ Canada, Elections. "Interactive Data Visualizer ? 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on 2025-06-06. Retrieved 2025-12-18.
- ^ "The Process for Readjusting the Seat Count in the House of Commons and the Boundaries of Electoral Districts". lop.parl.ca. Retrieved 2025-12-18.
- ^ Grenier, Éric. "What a Conservative majority would look like". www.thewrit.ca. Retrieved 2025-12-18.
- ^ "Liberals Take Lead for First Time Since 2021 | Ipsos". www.ipsos.com. 2025-02-25. Retrieved 2025-12-18.
- ^ Korzinski, David (2025-03-27). "What's with that Liberal surge? Recent Grit switchers say it's driven by Carney, Trump's threats & the 'ABC' factor - Liberal surge driven by Carney". Angus Reid Institute. Retrieved 2025-12-18.
- ^ a b c Tasker, John Paul (November 4, 2025). "Nova Scotia MP Chris d'Entremont is out of the Conservative caucus". CBC News.
- ^ "Government survives 2 confidence votes". CBC News. May 19, 2005.
- ^ "King Charles's Throne Speech to Canada's Parliament - follow live". BBC News. Retrieved 2025-05-27.
- ^ "Liberals downplay narrowly lost vote demanding spring budget | National Post".
- ^ "Liberals say they aren't bound by vote calling for budget or fiscal update before summer". The Globe and Mail.
- ^ "Opinion: A Throne Speech fit for a king. But where's the budget?". The Globe and Mail.
- ^ a b "PM Mark Carney's Liberal government passes first hurdle with throne speech amendment". CP24. June 5, 2025.
- ^ "Blanchet says he won't 'threaten to overthrow the government' soon | National Post".
- ^ Conservative MP Matt Jeneroux announces resignation from Parliament
- ^ a b Ha, Stephanie (2025-12-12). "MP Michael Ma leaves Conservative caucus to join Liberals". CTVNews. Retrieved 2025-12-12.
- ^ "C-202 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-10-04. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
- ^ "C-6 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
- ^ "C-7 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
- ^ "C-5 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-10-10. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
- ^ "C-3 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-09-12. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
- ^ "An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026". LEGISinfo. 2025-12-13. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
- ^ Source: Official Senate website
- ^ Represents the specific Senate division within Quebec for which the senator was appointed, as required by the Constitution Act, 1867. Senators for all other provinces and territories represent their respective province or territory at large.
- ^ "List of Committees". www.ourcommons.ca. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
- ^ "Committees".
- ^ "Conservative MP says he's considering joining Canada's Liberal government". POLITICO. 2025-11-04. Retrieved 2025-11-04.