zmiana

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmienic.

• IPA^(key): /ˈzmja.na/
• Rhymes: -ana
• Syllabification: zmia‧na

zmiana f

1. change, shift (quality of not being the same as before)
2. shift (scheduled period of time for a group of workers)
3. shift (group of workers working at that defined period)

• Stefan Ramułt (1893), “zmjana”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 271
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “zmiana”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[2]
• “zmiana”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. First attested in the 16th century.^[1] By surface analysis, deverbal from zmienić.

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ana
• Syllabification: zmia‧na

zmiana f

1. change, shift (process or result of not being the same as before)
2. change (process or result of replacing someone or something)
3. shift (time in which a different group of workers start working)

   pierwsza/druga/trzecia zmiana ― first/second/third shift

4. shift (workers working at such a time)
5. change (set of sheets for sleeping)
6. (obsolete, theater) scene (part of a play or musical in which the curtains drop and decorations change)

   Synonym: odsłona

7. (obsolete, agriculture) division of a field during crop rotation

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), zmiana is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 80 times in scientific texts, 36 times in news, 68 times in essays, 19 times in fiction, and 6 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 209 times, making it the 265th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[2]

• zmiana in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• zmiana in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “zmiana”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “zmiana”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “zmiana”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 554
• zmiana in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzměna. By surface analysis, deverbal from zmiynić.

• IPA^(key): /ˈzmja.na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ana
• Syllabification: zmia‧na

zmiana f (diminutive zmianka or zmiynka)

1. change, shift (quality of not being the same as before)
2. shift (scheduled period of time for a group of workers)
3. shift (group of workers working at that defined period)

• zmiana in silling.org